法医学杂志

法医学杂志 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 204-210.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.03.011

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

人体生物性物质来源鉴定及法医学应用研究进展

邹凯南1，桂  程2，曹  禹1，杨  帆1，周怀谷1   

  1. （1. 上海市公安局物证鉴定中心 法医物证学现场应用技术公安部重点实验室，上海 200083； 2. 上海市公安局长宁分局 刑事科学技术研究所，上海 200336）
  • 发布日期:2016-06-25 出版日期:2016-06-28
  • 通讯作者: 周怀谷，男，博士，主任法医师，主要从事法医DNA分析技术的应用和研究；E-mail：hgzhou803@hotmail.com
  • 作者简介:邹凯南（1983—），女，硕士，主检法医师，主要从事法医DNA分析技术的应用和研究；E-mail：kitty_zkn@126.com
  • 基金资助:

    上海市科学技术委员会科研计划项目（14JG0500400）

Source Identification of Human Biological Materials and Its Prospect in Forensic Science

ZOU KAI-NAN1, GUI CHENG2, CAO YU1, YANG FAN1, ZHOU HUAI-GU1   

  1. （1. Key Laboratory of Forensic Evidence and Science Technology, Ministry of Public Security, Institute of Forensic Science, Shanghai Public Security Bureau, Shanghai 200083, China; 2. Institute of Criminal Science and Technology, Changning Branch of Shanghai Public Security Bureau, Shanghai 200336, China）
  • Online:2016-06-25 Published:2016-06-28

摘要： 犯罪现场中人体生物性物质来源鉴定在重现犯罪过程方面发挥了重要作用，寻找特异性遗传标记鉴定人体不同生物性物质来源是近年来法医学工作者研究的重点和难点。本文就目前研究较多的用于人体生物性物质来源鉴定的遗传标记进行综述，包括DNA甲基化、mRNA、microRNA、微生物菌群、蛋白质等。通过比较不同种类遗传标记鉴定人体生物性物质来源的原理和方法，发现人体不同生物性物质来源的鉴定都有其最适合的遗传标记种类，并且可以采用单一遗传标记或联合多种遗传标记进行检验。尽管目前各法医学实验室无统一的标准和方法鉴定人体生物性物质来源，但研究开发一系列成熟可靠的方法区分人体不同生物性物质，进而发挥其法庭证据作用，将是未来的发展方向。

关键词: 法医遗传学, 遗传标记, 综述[文献类型], 来源

Abstract: Source identification of human biological materials in crime scene plays an important role in reconstructing the crime process. Searching specific genetic markers to identify the source of different human biological materials is the emphasis and difficulty of the research work of legal medical experts in recent years. This paper reviews the genetic markers which are used for identifying the source of human biological materials and studied widely, such as DNA methylation, mRNA, microRNA, microflora and protein, etc. By comparing the principles and methods of source identification of human biological materials using different kinds of genetic markers, different source of human biological material owns suitable marker types and can be identified by detecting single genetic marker or combined multiple genetic markers. Though there is no uniform standard and method for identifying the source of human biological materials in forensic laboratories at present, the research and development of a series of mature and reliable methods for distinguishing different human biological materials play the role as forensic evidence which will be the future development direction.

Key words: forensic genetics, genetic markers, review [publication type], source

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