法医学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 421-440.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2025.550704

• 特邀综述 • 上一篇    

多组学视域下的精准鉴识:法医物证学研究现状、挑战与展望

朱波峰()   

  1. 山西医科大学法医学院,山西 太原 030001
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-31 发布日期:2026-01-27 出版日期:2025-10-25
  • 作者简介:朱波峰,男,教授,主要从事法医物证学研究;E-mail:zhubofeng7372@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(82293652)

Precision Identification from a Multi-omics Perspective: Current Status, Challenges, and Prospects in Forensic Genetics ZHU Bo-feng

  1. School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
  • Received:2025-07-31 Online:2026-01-27 Published:2025-10-25

摘要:

近年来,随着多组学技术与法医学的深度融合与持续驱动,法医物证学正加速从传统技术检测向精密化、智慧化方向转型。本文基于近6年(2020—2025年)国内外相关研究,系统梳理了法医物证学在个体识别、亲缘关系鉴定、生物检材组织来源鉴定、生物地理溯源与个体表型特征推断、个体年龄推断及非人源生物检材鉴定等核心应用方向的研究进展与发展趋势,以期为智能化精准鉴识技术的开发、跨学科范式的融合以及司法证据体系的革新提供系统性的理论参考与实践指引。

关键词: 法医物证学, 个体识别, 亲缘关系鉴定, 生物检材组织来源鉴定, 生物地理溯源, 个体表型特征推断, 年龄推断, 非人源生物检材鉴定, 综述

Abstract:

Driven by the deep integration and continuous advancement of multi-omics technologies, forensic genetics has been rapidly transforming from traditional marker-based detection to more refined and intelligent approaches in recent years. Based on the relevant domestic and international research in the past six years (2020-2025), this paper systematically reviews the research progress and developmental trend of forensic genetics across major application areas: individual identification, kinship testing, tissue origin identification, biogeographical origin and individual phenotype identification, age estimation, and non-human biological evidence analysis. These insights aim to provide theoretical foundations and practical guidance for the advancement of precise forensic identification technologies, interdisciplinary integration, and the innovation of judicial evidence systems.

Key words: forensic genetics, individual identification, kinship identification, tissue origin identification, biogeographical origin identification, forensic DNA phenotyping, age estimation, non-human biological evidence, review

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