法医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 352-358.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.441206

• 综述 • 上一篇    

利用犬类嗅觉搜索血迹物证的研究进展

张瑶1(), 方伟2(), 熊丽娟3, 李静4(), 郑吉龙2, 巴华杰5, 郑岩6   

  1. 1.中国刑事警察学院公共基础教研部,辽宁 沈阳 110854
    2.中国刑事警察学院警犬技术学院,辽宁 沈阳 110141
    3.重庆市公安局刑侦总队,重庆 400707
    4.新疆政法学院司法警官学院,新疆 图木舒克 843806
    5.常州市公安局物证鉴定所,江苏 常州 213003
    6.中国刑事警察学院侦查与反恐怖学院,辽宁 沈阳 110854
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-12 发布日期:2026-10-28 出版日期:2026-08-25
  • 通讯作者: 方伟,李静
  • 作者简介:张瑶(1973—),女,硕士,讲师,主要从事侦查学和大学英语的教学和科研;E-mail:zhangyao20222@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    辽宁省教育厅2025年度高校基本科研项目(LJ212510175011);新疆政法学院2024年度校长基金资助项目(XZZK2024001)

Research Progress on the Use of Canine Olfaction for Bloodstain Evidence Search

Yao Zhang1(), Wei Fang2(), Lijuan Xiong3, Jing Li4(), Jilong Zheng2, Huajie Ba5, Yan Zheng6   

  1. 1.Department of Public Basic Teaching and Research, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110854, China
    2.Canine Technology College, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110141, China
    3.Criminal Investigation Corps of Chongqing Public Security Bureau, Chongqing 400707, China
    4.College of Judicial Police, Xinjiang University of Political Science and Law, Tumxuk 843806, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
    5.Institute of Forensic Science, Changzhou Public Security Bureau, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
    6.College of Investigation and Anti-terrorism, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110854, China
  • Received:2024-12-12 Online:2026-10-28 Published:2026-08-25
  • Contact: Wei Fang, Jing Li

摘要:

血迹可为案件侦查提供关键信息,是重要的法医物证。在犯罪现场发现潜在血迹至关重要,可以使用化学、物理、生物等手段进行搜寻。生物搜寻以警犬为典型代表,使用犬类搜寻犯罪现场潜在血迹是一种实时、快速、有效、无损的检测方法,能够适应多场景检测工作的需要。本文通过梳理警犬血迹搜索技术的发展史,总结警犬血迹搜索的气味基础,从使用警犬搜索微量血迹、稀释血迹、清洗血迹、区分人血与动物血等角度,综述法医调查中警犬血迹搜索技术的使用现状,并对该技术的发展进行展望,以期为警犬血迹搜索相关研究提供参考。

关键词: 法医学, 嗅觉, 气味分析, 血迹, 挥发性有机化合物, 警犬, 综述

Abstract:

Bloodstains can provide critical information for criminal investigations and serve as important forensic evidence. The discovery of potential bloodstains at a crime scene is crucial, and can be achieved by chemical, physical, and biological means. Biological search is typically represented by canines. Using canines to search for potential bloodstains at crime scenes is a real-time, rapid, effective and non-destructive detection method, which can meet the needs of various detection scenarios. This paper traces the development history of the canine bloodstain search technique and summarizes the olfactory basis of bloodstain search by canines. From the perspectives of using police dogs to search for trace bloodstains, diluted bloodstains, and cleaned bloodstains, and differentiating human blood from animal blood, this paper reviews the current application of the canine bloodstain search technique in forensic investigations, and looks forward to the development of this technique, with the aim of providing a reference for related research on canine bloodstain searches.

Key words: forensic medicine, olfaction, odor analysis, bloodstain, volatile organic compound, police dog, review

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