法医学杂志

法医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 240-246.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2026.360303

• 技术与应用法医学科技成果转化专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

全自动磁性固相萃取仪在毒物、毒品检测中的应用

肖亚文1(), 杨耀然2, 杨崇俊3(), 孙艳1, 陈跃1, 韩乃寒1, 孟媛1, 王文君1, 任庆水1, 朱镜4, 张统书1, 王冰5, 张立妍5   

  1. 1.山东警察学院刑事科学技术学院，山东 济南 250200
    2.青岛科技大学高分子科学与工程学院，山东 青岛 266021
    3.济宁市公安局刑事科学技术研究所，山东 济宁 272000
    4.四川警察学院刑事技术系，四川 泸州 646000
    5.山东万孚业达检测技术有限公司，山东 烟台 264000
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-09 发布日期:2026-09-09 出版日期:2026-06-25
  • 通讯作者: 杨崇俊
  • 作者简介:肖亚文（1993—），女，博士，主要从事纳米材料设计合成、毒物毒品检测研究；E-mail：yawenxiao@sdpc.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    刑事检验四川省高校重点实验室开放课题资助项目(2025YB03);山东警察学院人文社会科学计划资助项目(YKYPYZX202301);山东警察学院人文社会科学计划资助项目(YKYPYZX202303);山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2024QB327);山东省高等学校青创科技支持计划资助项目（2022RW088,公安学科交叉融合创新团队）;痕迹科学与技术公安部重点实验室开放课题资助项目(2022FMKFKT04);毒品分析及禁毒技术公安部重点实验室开放课题资助项目(ynpc2022kf002)

Application of Automatic Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction Instrument in Toxic Substances and Illegal Drugs

Yawen XIAO1(), Yaoran YANG2, Chongjun YANG3(), Yan SUN1, Yue CHEN1, Naihan HAN1, Yuan MENG1, Wenjun WANG1, Qingshui REN1, Jing ZHU4, Tongshu ZHANG1, Bing WANG5, Liyan ZHANG5   

  1. 1.College of Criminal Science and Technology, Shandong Police College, Jinan 250200, China
    2.School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266021, Shandong Province, China
    3.Institute of Criminal Science and Technology, Jining Public Security Bureau, Ji? ning 272000, Shandong Province, China
    4.Department of Criminal Technology, Sichuan Police College, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
    5.Shandong Wanfu Yeda Testing Technology Co. , Ltd. , Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2026-03-09 Online:2026-09-09 Published:2026-06-25
  • Contact: Chongjun YANG

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摘要：

磁性固相萃取是复杂基质中痕量毒物、毒品前处理的关键技术，其自动化水平与萃取效率直接影响检测方法的灵敏度与可靠性。当前，法庭科学领域毒物、毒品检测仍面临前处理流程繁琐、基质干扰显著、富集倍数有限及操作误差较难控制等问题。传统固相萃取方法多依赖人工操作，难以兼顾痕量目标物检测对通量、准确性和重复性的多重需求。针对上述瓶颈，本团队基于自主开发的全自动磁性固相萃取仪（型号：HS-401-1），建立了一种新型高富集倍数磁性固相萃取方法，分别结合免疫荧光检测仪、高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（HPLC-MS/MS）及气相色谱-质谱法（GC/MS），用于污水、血液及尿液中毒（药）物的前处理与检测。该萃取仪在加快样品处理速度的同时能显著提高富集倍数、有效削弱基质效应并增强目标物响应信号，方法准确度与精密度均满足痕量分析要求。通过鉴定实例证实，全自动磁性固相萃取仪能够降低人工操作误差，显著提升前处理流程的自动化水平和整体工作效率，为毒物、毒品筛查提供了可靠的技术方案，具有良好的学术价值与应用推广前景。

关键词: 法医学, 科技成果转化, 全自动磁性固相萃取仪, 毒物, 毒品

Abstract:

Magnetic solid-phase extraction （MSPE） serves as a key pretreatment technique for trace toxic substances and illegal drugs in complex matrices. Its degree of automation and extraction efficiency directly affect the sensitivity and reliability of analytical detection methods. At present, the detection of toxic substances and illegal drugs in forensic science continues to face challenges, including labor-intensive sample preparation, substantial matrix interference, limited enrichment efficiency, and difficulty in controlling operational variability. Conventional solid-phase extraction （SPE） techniques largely rely on manual procedures and are therefore unable to simultaneously meet the requirements for high throughput, accuracy and repeatability in trace analyte analysis. To address these limitations, our team established a novel MSPE method with high enrichment factors based on a self-developed fully automated MSPE instrument （Model HS-401-1）. Combined with fluorescence immunoassay, high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （HPLC-MS/MS）, and gas chromato-

graphy-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）, the proposed method was applied to the sample pretreatment and quantitative analysis of toxic substances and illegal drugs in wastewater, blood and urine matrices. The results demonstrated that the extraction instrument could accelerate sample pretreatment, markedly increase enrichment factors, effectively reduce matrix interference, and enhance the response signals of target analytes. The accuracy and precision of the established method met the requirements for trace-level analysis. Practical forensic identification cases verified that the automated MSPE system was able to reduce human-induced operational errors and greatly improve the degree of automation and overall efficiency of the pretreatment workflow. This instrument provides a reliable technical solution for the screening of toxic substances and illicit drugs in forensic science and demonstrates significant academic value as well as promising prospects for widespread application.

Key words: forensic medicine, technology transfer, automated magnetic solid-phase extraction instrument, toxic substances, illegal drugs

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