全自动血液中乙醇分析仪的研制及在法庭科学中的应用

doi:10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2026.360401

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

法医学鉴定领域中乙醇含量检测长期依赖人工操作，存在流程烦琐、通量低、人为误差大等问题，难以满足日益增长的办案效率与证据质量要求。针对上述问题，本文围绕全自动血液中乙醇分析仪（型号：谱育LSAP AI）的自主研发，集成精密机械驱动、气动限流移液及智能任务调度技术，对实验流程进行自动化改造与重组，建立血液中乙醇的自动化检验方法。基于最新国家标准，系统在0.10~3.00 mg/mL质量浓度范围内线性关系良好（相关系数r≥0.997），检出限为0.05 mg/mL，定量限为0.10 mg/mL；不同黏度的 20份全血样本平行测定相对偏差稳定在1%~5%，重复性实验相对标准偏差小于2.5%（n=6）；高质量浓度样本（5 mg/mL）与空白样本交替进样无交叉污染，连续24 h高通量运行无机械与通讯故障。该分析仪已在法庭科学血液乙醇检测业务中完成落地应用，实现了全流程自动化无人值守闭环运行，核心技术组件实现国产化替代，且软硬件架构深度解耦，精密度、准确度及全流程数字化合规性均达到国家标准，有效提升了基层法医学实验室的办案效能与证据质量，为法庭科学装备向智能化、自动化转型提供了技术支撑与应用范例。

关键词: 法医学, 科技成果转化, 血液乙醇浓度检测, 顶空气相色谱法, 实验室自动化

Abstract:

Blood alcohol concentration detection has long relied on manual operations in the field of forensic identification, resulting in cumbersome workflows, low throughput, and substantial human error. Such drawbacks make it increasingly difficult to meet the growing demands for case-handling efficiency and evidentiary quality. To address these issues, this study presents a fully automatic blood alcohol analyzer （Puyu LSAP AI）, developed in-house by integrating precision mechanical actuation, pneumatic flow-limited pipetting, and intelligent task scheduling technologies, which automates and reengineers the conventional workflow to establish a fully automated protocol for blood alcohol concentration detection. In accordance with the latest national standard, the system demonstrated excellent linearity over the mass concentration range of 0.10-3.00 mg/mL, with correlation coefficients r≥0.997. The limit of detection （LOD） and limit of quantification （LOQ） were 0.05 mg/mL and 0.10 mg/mL, respectively. Parallel analyses of 20 whole-blood samples with varying viscosities yielded relative deviations consistently ranging from 1% to 5%, while relative standard deviations from repeatability tests were below 2.5% （n=6）. No carryover contamination was observed during alternating injections of high-concentration samples （5 mg/mL） and blank specimens, and continuous high-throughput operation for 24 h was completed without mechanical or communication malfunctions. This analyzer has been deployed for routine forensic blood alcohol concentration detection, achieving fully automated, unattended, closed-loop operation throughout the entire analytical workflow. Its core technical components have been domestically developed, while the software and hardware architectures have been comprehensively decoupled to improve modularity and maintainability. The system meets national standards for precision, accuracy, and full-process digital compliance. It significantly improves the case-handling efficiency and evidentiary quality, offering technical support and a practical application paradigm for the intelligent and automated transformation of forensic science instrumentation.

Key words: forensic medicine, technology transfer, blood alcohol concentration analysis, headspace gas chromatography, laboratory automation

中图分类号:

唐磊, 谢伟宏, 卓成飞, 徐琛, 姚焕焕, 李晓飞, 张建伟, 李阳, 应剑波. 全自动血液中乙醇分析仪的研制及在法庭科学中的应用[J]. 法医学杂志, 2026, 42(3): 232-239.

Lei TANG, Weihong XIE, Chengfei ZHUO, Chen XU, Huanhuan YAO, Xiaofei LI, Jianwei ZHANG, Yang LI, Jianbo YING. Development of a Fully Automated Blood Alcohol Analyzer and Its Application in Forensic Science[J]. Journal of Forensic Medicine, 2026, 42(3): 232-239.

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链接本文: http://www.fyxzz.cn/CN/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2026.360401

http://www.fyxzz.cn/CN/Y2026/V42/I3/232

图/表 4

图1 三轴结构设计

Fig. 1 Design of the three-axis structure

图2 采血管自动开关盖模块

Fig. 2 Automated capping and decapping module for blood collection tubes

表1 全自动血液中乙醇分析仪的性能验证结果

Tab. 1 Performance verification of the fully automated blood alcohol analyzer

标准与设备	线性相关系数/r	检出限/（mg·mL^-1）	定量限/（mg·mL^-1）	定性保留时间误差/%
GB/T 42430—2023	≥0.997	0.05	0.10	≤1
全自动血液中乙醇分析仪	满足要求	0.05	0.10	满足要求

图3 全自动血液中乙醇分析系统软件界面

Fig. 3 Software interface of the fully automated blood alcohol analysis system

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