法医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 254-260.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2025.550604

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

三等位基因型案例的分类体系与PI计算方法实证

杨乐1(), 任贺2(), 石妍3, 陈冲3, 贾莉3, 杨倩3, 刘雅诚3, 严江伟4()   

  1. 1.哈尔滨市公安局,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150010
    2.北京警察学院刑事科学技术系,北京 102202
    3.北京通达首诚司法鉴定所,北京 100192
    4.山西医科大学法医学院,山西 晋中 030600
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-26 发布日期:2026-09-09 出版日期:2026-06-25
  • 通讯作者: 严江伟
  • 作者简介:杨乐(1984—),男,硕士,警务技术副高级任职资格,主要从事法医遗传学研究;E-mail:394170448@qq.com
    任贺(1978—),女,硕士,副教授,主要从事法医学教学与研究;E-mail:snoopy_fr@sohu.com
    第一联系人:杨乐和任贺为共同第一作者
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点项目(82030058)

Empirical Classification of Tri-Allelic Genotype Cases and Parentage Index Calculation

Le YANG1(), He REN2(), Yan SHI3, Chong CHEN3, Li JIA3, Qian YANG3, Yacheng LIU3, Jiangwei YAN4()   

  1. 1.Harbin Public Security Bureau, Harbin 150010, China
    2.Department of Criminal Science and Techno-logy, Beijing Police College, Beijing 102202, China
    3.Beijing Tongda Shoucheng Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing 100192, China
    4.School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2025-06-26 Online:2026-09-09 Published:2026-06-25
  • Contact: Jiangwei YAN

摘要:

目的 规范STR三等位基因型的亲权指数(parentage index,PI)计算方法,以保障亲权鉴定结论的准确性与可靠性。 方法 通过对160例真实案例进行系统分析,依据STR三等位基因的发生机制与遗传模式构建分类体系,并结合前期研究成果与实证数据,对PI计算方法进行优化。 结果 构建了基于不同机制的STR三等位基因型分类体系,包括Ⅰ型(2亚类)、Ⅱ型(6亚类)及三体型(2亚类),并据此建立了一套覆盖各类STR三等位基因型的规范化PI计算方法。 结论 本研究为科学、规范地计算STR三等位基因型的PI提供了方法学指导,也为相关行业标准的制定与完善奠定了重要参考。

关键词: 法医遗传学, 短串联重复序列, 三等位基因型, 三体型, 亲权指数

Abstract:

Objective To standardize the calculation method of the parentage index (PI) for short tandem repeat (STR) tri-allelic genotypes, thereby ensuring the accuracy and reliability of parentage tes‑ ting conclusions. Methods A systematic analysis of 160 real cases was conducted. A classification system was constructed based on the occurrence mechanisms and inheritance patterns of STR tri-alleles, and the PI calculation method was optimized by integrating previous research findings with empirical data. Results A mechanism-based classification system for STR tri-allelic genotypes was established, comprising Type I (2 subtypes), Type II (6 subtypes), and the trisomic type (2 subtypes). On this basis, a standardized PI calculation method covering all categories of STR tri-allelic genotypes was developed. Conclusion This study provides methodological guidance for the scientific and standardized calculation of PI for STR tri-allelic genotypes and offers an important reference for the formulation and refinement of relevant industry standards.

Key words: forensic genetics, STR, tri-allelic pattern, trisomy, parentage index

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