法医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 261-268.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2025.350801

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

酶消解-LC-MS/MS检测毛发中依托咪酯、氯胺酮、甲基苯丙胺和可待因

杨明瑾1(), 何美云2, 杜蔚安3, 梅朋飞1, 程雪莲2, 刘昕1, 施月森1, 金昊1, 胡伊玲1, 何美欣1, 陈玲2, 刘超1,4()   

  1. 1.广东省精神活性物质监测与安全重点实验室 广东省毒品实验技术中心 国家毒品实验室广东分中心,广东 广州 510230
    2.南方医科大学法医学院,广东 广州 510515
    3.珠海市祥臻生物科技有限公司,广东 珠海 519000
    4.暨南大学生物活性分子与成药性优化全国重点实验室 广东省天然生物活性分子与新药发现基础研究卓越中心,广东 广州 510632
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-04 发布日期:2026-09-09 出版日期:2026-06-25
  • 通讯作者: 刘超
  • 作者简介:杨明瑾(1988—),女,博士,副研究员,主要从事理化检验鉴定和纳米传感器研究;E-mail:yangmingjin020@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划资助项目(2024YFC3306603);公安部科技计划资助项目(2023JSM07)

Enzyme Digestion LC-MS/MS Detection of Etomidate, Ketamine, Methamphe‑ tamine and Codeine in Hair

Mingjin YANG1(), Meiyun HE2, Weian DU3, Pengfei MEI1, Xuelian CHENG2, Xin LIU1, Yuesen SHI1, Hao JIN1, Yiling HU1, Meixin HE1, Ling CHEN2, Chao LIU1,4()   

  1. 1.Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychoactive Substances Monitoring and Safety, Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province, National Anti-Drug Laboratory Guangdong Regional Center, Guangzhou 510230, China
    2.School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
    3.Zhuhai Xiangzhen Biotechnology Co. , Ltd. , Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong Province, China
    4.State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Basic Research Center of Excellence for Natural Bioactive Molecules and Discovery of Innovative Drugs, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
  • Received:2025-08-04 Online:2026-09-09 Published:2026-06-25
  • Contact: Chao LIU

摘要:

目的 建立基于酶消解前处理的液相色谱-串联质谱(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,LC-MS/MS)方法,用于毛发中毒品的快速定性与定量检测。 方法 采用控制变量法优化依托咪酯、氯胺酮、甲基苯丙胺和可待因的酶消解条件,包括二硫苏糖醇和蛋白酶K的浓度、孵育温度和酶解时间。毛发样本经酶消解后,以0.22 μm滤膜过滤,采用C18色谱柱分离,以0.1%甲酸水溶液和0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾离子源和多重反应监测模式进行检测。经验证后,将该方法应用于155例涉毒毛发样本检测,并与冷冻湿研磨前处理方法进行提取效果对比分析。 结果 毛发中依托咪酯、氯胺酮、甲基苯丙胺和可待因在各自的线性范围内均呈现良好的线性关系(R2>0.998 0),检出限为0.005~0.010 ng/mg,定量限为0.02~0.04 ng/mg。基质效应(-12.09%~8.23%)、日内和日间精密度相对标准偏差分别为2.56%~10.37%和5.50%~15.11%,平均回收率(88.97%~104.05%)均满足检测要求。涉毒毛发样本检测结果表明,酶消解法与研磨法具有良好的一致性,且酶消解法对可待因的提取量高于研磨法。 结论 所建立方法操作简便、灵敏度高、重现性好,适用于毛发中毒品检测,为法医学鉴定提供了一种高效、可靠的检测手段。

关键词: 法医学, 毒物分析, 毛发分析, 酶消解法, 液相色谱-串联质谱, 毒品

Abstract:

Objective To establish a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)method based on enzymatic digestion for the rapid qualitative and quantitative detection of drugs in hair. Methods The enzymatic digestion parameters for etomidate, ketamine, methamphetamine, and codeine, including dithiothreitol (DTT) concentration, proteinase K concentration, incubation temperature and digestion time were optimized using controlled-variable experiments. After digestion, hair samples were filtered through a 0.22 μm membrane and separated on a C18 column with a gradient elution using 0.1% formic acid in water and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and analyzed using electrospray ionization (ESI) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. After validation, the method was applied to 155 drug-related hair samples and compared with the cryogenic wet-grinding method. Results Etomidate, ketamine, methamphetamine, and codeine in hair samples all showed good linearity with their respective linear ranges (R2>0.998 0), with limits of detection (LOD) of 0.005-0.010 ng/mg and limits of quantification (LOQ) of 0.02-0.04 ng/mg. Matrix effects ranged from -12.09% to 8.23%, while the relative standard deviations of intra-day precision and inter-day precision were 2.56%-10.37% and 5.50%-15.11%, respectively. Average recoveries (88.97%-104.05%) met analytical requirements. Results from drug-related hair samples suggested good consistency between enzymatic digestion and cryogenic grinding pretreatment method, while enzymatic digestion demonstrated higher extraction amounts for codeine than cryogenic grinding pretreatment method. Conclusion The established method is simple to operate, highly sensitive, and reproducible, making it suitable for high-throughput hair drug analysis, providing an efficient and reliable analytical method for forensic identification.

Key words: forensic medicine, toxicological analysis, hair analysis, enzymatic digestion method, LC-MS/MS, drugs

中图分类号: