法医学科技成果转化的现状剖析和路径探讨

doi:10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2026.460320

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

科技成果转化是当前我国科技创新体系建设的重要任务。法医学作为兼具技术性和法律性的学科，其成果转化在属性定位、成果形态与应用场景等方面具有显著特殊性，难以直接套用一般工科领域的市场转化模式。本文立足法医学学科特点，系统分析该领域科技成果转化的特点、主要问题及其结构性成因。本研究表明，法医学成果转化应用场景主要服务于司法鉴定实践，整体呈现以公益性为导向、以技术输出为主的转化格局。当前转化实践中存在高价值成果供给不足、实验室与市场衔接不畅、转化链条断裂等问题，其深层原因在于行业公益定位与市场化逻辑之间的结构性错位，公立、民营与集团化机构在转化能力上难以适配转化要求，人才培养体系亦难以支撑复合型成果转化人才需要。针对上述问题，本文提出应坚持需求导向，强化企业创新主体地位，推动公立、民营和集团化机构协同共建概念验证中心与中试平台，构建全链条转化体系，探索协同融合转化路径，以更好地服务司法实践需求。

关键词: 法医学, 科技成果转化, 公益性, 市场化, 司法鉴定

Abstract:

The technology transfer is a vital task for the development of China’s scientific and technological innovation system. As a discipline that integrates technological and legal characteristics, forensic medicine has distinct particularities in terms of attribute orientation, achievement forms and application scenarios, making it infeasible to directly adopt the market-oriented transformation models applied in general industrial fields. Based on the disciplinary characteristics, this paper systematically analyzes the characteristics, major problems and structural causes affecting the transfer of scientific and technological achievements in this field. The research reveals that the transfer and application of forensic medicine achievements mainly serve forensic science practice, presenting an overall pattern dominated by public welfare and technology output. Current transfer practices are plagued by insufficient supply of high-value achievements, poor connection between laboratories and the market, and broken industrial chains. The underlying causes lie in the structural mismatch between the forensic public welfare orientation and market operation logic, the inadequate transfer capacity of public institutions, private sectors and corporate groups to meet the requirements for transfer, and the talent training system remains insufficient to cultivate interdisciplinary professionals for integrated achievement transfer. To address the above challenges, this paper proposes adhering to demand-oriented principles. Strengthening the dominant role of enterprises in innovation, promoting collaboration among public institutions, private sectors and corporate groups to jointly build proof of concept centers and pilot plant platforms, establish a full-chain transfer system, and explore collaborative and integrated transfer pathways, so as to better serve the needs of forensic science practice.

Key words: forensic medicine, technology transfer, public welfare, marketization, forensic identification

中图分类号:

何晓丹. 法医学科技成果转化的现状剖析和路径探讨[J]. 法医学杂志, 2026, 42(3): 196-206.

Xiaodan HE. Current Status Analysis and Pathway Exploration of the Technology Transfer in Forensic Medicine[J]. Journal of Forensic Medicine, 2026, 42(3): 196-206.

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链接本文: http://www.fyxzz.cn/CN/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2026.460320

http://www.fyxzz.cn/CN/Y2026/V42/I3/196

图/表 2

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