 
    Journal of Forensic Medicine ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 244-251.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.440606
• Techniques and Applications • Previous Articles Next Articles
					
													Xiao-feng ZHANG1( ), Qin SU2, Xiao-hui CHEN2, Wei-bin WU2, Dong-yun ZHENG2, Jian ZHAO2, Ling CHEN1, Qu-yi XU2(
), Qin SU2, Xiao-hui CHEN2, Wei-bin WU2, Dong-yun ZHENG2, Jian ZHAO2, Ling CHEN1, Qu-yi XU2( ), Chao LIU1,3(
), Chao LIU1,3( )
)
												  
						
						
						
					
				
Received:2024-06-20
															
							
															
							
															
							
																	Online:2025-08-29
															
							
																	Published:2025-06-25
															
						Contact:
								Qu-yi XU, Chao LIU   
													CLC Number:
Xiao-feng ZHANG, Qin SU, Xiao-hui CHEN, Wei-bin WU, Dong-yun ZHENG, Jian ZHAO, Ling CHEN, Qu-yi XU, Chao LIU. Comparison of Three Drowning‑related Plankton Testing Methods in Drowning Diagnosis[J]. Journal of Forensic Medicine, 2025, 41(3): 244-251.
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URL: http://www.fyxzz.cn/EN/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.440606
| 引物 | 引物序列(5′→3′) | 产物长度/bp | 目标物种 | 
|---|---|---|---|
| rbcL | F:ATTAGGTTTATCTGGTAAAAACTAC; R:TTCTCTCCAACGCATGAA | 113 | 硅藻 | 
| UPA | F:GGGCGGTCGCCTCCC; R:CACCGTCAGATCACTAAGAGGCA | 166 | 硅藻 | 
| 16S rDNA | F:TATTGGTATTCTTACGCTTGGT; R:ATTAAATTAAACCAAGCGTTTGGT | 156 | 蓝藻 | 
| rPOD | F:TTCACCTCGGCATAGGTCAG; R:GTACGCGCAACCTAGCAACAC | 117 | 气单胞菌 | 
Tab. 1 Primers information of plankton SYBR Green Ⅰ qPCR
| 引物 | 引物序列(5′→3′) | 产物长度/bp | 目标物种 | 
|---|---|---|---|
| rbcL | F:ATTAGGTTTATCTGGTAAAAACTAC; R:TTCTCTCCAACGCATGAA | 113 | 硅藻 | 
| UPA | F:GGGCGGTCGCCTCCC; R:CACCGTCAGATCACTAAGAGGCA | 166 | 硅藻 | 
| 16S rDNA | F:TATTGGTATTCTTACGCTTGGT; R:ATTAAATTAAACCAAGCGTTTGGT | 156 | 蓝藻 | 
| rPOD | F:TTCACCTCGGCATAGGTCAG; R:GTACGCGCAACCTAGCAACAC | 117 | 气单胞菌 | 
| 引物 | 引物序列(5'→3') | 产物长度/bp | 荧光标记 | 目标物种 | 
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rPOD-A | F:CCCCCAACGCATCATGC; R:CAAGTTTGAAGTGGCCAACA | 101 | FAM | 气单胞菌 | 
| ND-A | F:ATTAGGTTTATCTGGTAAAAACTAC; R:TTCTCTCCAACGCATGAA | 113 | FAM | 硅藻 | 
| rPOD-B | F:TTCACCTCGGCATAGGTCAG; R:GTACGCGCAACCTAGCAACAC | 117 | FAM | 气单胞菌 | 
| CBR | F:GAAAGCTAGGGGAGCGAAT; R:GCGTGCGTACTCCCCAGGCG | 132 | FAM | 蓝藻 | 
| ND-B | F:TACAGTTGTTGGTAAATTAGAA; R:GTGCATTTGACCACAGTGG | 172 | FAM | 硅藻 | 
| HLYA-A | F:TCGCGAGATCTCGGGT; R:GAGCTGGCGCTGCTGGCTGA | 105 | HEX | 气单胞菌 | 
| AER-A | F:CAATATATTGGGGTTGCTATGCA; R:AGCGAAGCTGGTCTGGATAG | 111 | HEX | 气单胞菌 | 
| UPA | F:GGGCGGTCGCCTCCC; R:CACCGTCAGATCACTAAGAGGCA | 166 | HEX | 硅藻 | 
| AER-B | F:CGAAGAGCTCTCCGGGCTT; R:TGGCACTCCGACAAGATGGCG | 175 | HEX | 气单胞菌 | 
| HLYA-B | F:CCACGTGGCCTTCTACCTCA; R:TATCTTGGCATCCGGCGT | 190 | HEX | 气单胞菌 | 
| AER-C | F:AGCCACCAACTGGTCCAAGACCAAC; R:TATCTTCACCGGGATCTTGGAGC | 213 | HEX | 气单胞菌 | 
| HLYA-C | F:CGCGAGATCTCGGGT; R:GATCTTGAACTCGGTGCTG | 368 | HEX | 气单胞菌 | 
Tab. 2 Primers information of plankton multiplex PCR-CE
| 引物 | 引物序列(5'→3') | 产物长度/bp | 荧光标记 | 目标物种 | 
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rPOD-A | F:CCCCCAACGCATCATGC; R:CAAGTTTGAAGTGGCCAACA | 101 | FAM | 气单胞菌 | 
| ND-A | F:ATTAGGTTTATCTGGTAAAAACTAC; R:TTCTCTCCAACGCATGAA | 113 | FAM | 硅藻 | 
| rPOD-B | F:TTCACCTCGGCATAGGTCAG; R:GTACGCGCAACCTAGCAACAC | 117 | FAM | 气单胞菌 | 
| CBR | F:GAAAGCTAGGGGAGCGAAT; R:GCGTGCGTACTCCCCAGGCG | 132 | FAM | 蓝藻 | 
| ND-B | F:TACAGTTGTTGGTAAATTAGAA; R:GTGCATTTGACCACAGTGG | 172 | FAM | 硅藻 | 
| HLYA-A | F:TCGCGAGATCTCGGGT; R:GAGCTGGCGCTGCTGGCTGA | 105 | HEX | 气单胞菌 | 
| AER-A | F:CAATATATTGGGGTTGCTATGCA; R:AGCGAAGCTGGTCTGGATAG | 111 | HEX | 气单胞菌 | 
| UPA | F:GGGCGGTCGCCTCCC; R:CACCGTCAGATCACTAAGAGGCA | 166 | HEX | 硅藻 | 
| AER-B | F:CGAAGAGCTCTCCGGGCTT; R:TGGCACTCCGACAAGATGGCG | 175 | HEX | 气单胞菌 | 
| HLYA-B | F:CCACGTGGCCTTCTACCTCA; R:TATCTTGGCATCCGGCGT | 190 | HEX | 气单胞菌 | 
| AER-C | F:AGCCACCAACTGGTCCAAGACCAAC; R:TATCTTCACCGGGATCTTGGAGC | 213 | HEX | 气单胞菌 | 
| HLYA-C | F:CGCGAGATCTCGGGT; R:GATCTTGAACTCGGTGCTG | 368 | HEX | 气单胞菌 | 
| 组织 | MD-VF-Auto SEM | 浮游生物多重PCR-CE | SYBR Green ⅠqPCR | 
|---|---|---|---|
| 肺 | 212(100.0) | 203(95.8)1) | 205(96.7)1) | 
| 肝 | 187(88.2) | 195(92.0) | 199(93.9) | 
| 肾 | 197(92.9) | 192(90.6) | 204(96.2) | 
| 肺+肝/肾 | 202(95.3) | 199(93.9) | 204(96.2) | 
Tab. 3 Detection rates of plankton in lung, liver andkidney tissues of drowned corpses by three methods
| 组织 | MD-VF-Auto SEM | 浮游生物多重PCR-CE | SYBR Green ⅠqPCR | 
|---|---|---|---|
| 肺 | 212(100.0) | 203(95.8)1) | 205(96.7)1) | 
| 肝 | 187(88.2) | 195(92.0) | 199(93.9) | 
| 肾 | 197(92.9) | 192(90.6) | 204(96.2) | 
| 肺+肝/肾 | 202(95.3) | 199(93.9) | 204(96.2) | 
| 组织 | MD-VF-Auto SEM | 浮游生物多重PCR-CE | SYBR GreenⅠ qPCR | 
|---|---|---|---|
| 肺 | 170(100.0) | 161(94.7)1) | 164(96.5)1) | 
| 肝 | 151(88.8) | 154(90.6) | 158(92.9) | 
| 肾 | 161(94.7) | 151(88.8) | 162(95.3) | 
| 肺+肝/肾 | 164(96.5) | 157(92.4) | 163(95.9) | 
Tab. 4 Detection rate of plankton in lung, liver andkidney tissues of decomposed drowned corpsesby three methods
| 组织 | MD-VF-Auto SEM | 浮游生物多重PCR-CE | SYBR GreenⅠ qPCR | 
|---|---|---|---|
| 肺 | 170(100.0) | 161(94.7)1) | 164(96.5)1) | 
| 肝 | 151(88.8) | 154(90.6) | 158(92.9) | 
| 肾 | 161(94.7) | 151(88.8) | 162(95.3) | 
| 肺+肝/肾 | 164(96.5) | 157(92.4) | 163(95.9) | 
| 类别 | MD-VF-Auto SEM | 浮游生物多重PCR-CE | SYBR Green Ⅰ qPCR | 
|---|---|---|---|
| 检材需求量 | 较大,肺取2 g,肝、肾取10 g | 肺、肝、肾均取0.5 g | 肺、肝、肾均取0.5 g | 
| 仪器设备 | 微波消解仪、真空抽滤仪、扫描电镜 | PCR扩增仪、毛细管电泳平台 | 实时荧光PCR仪 | 
| 目标物种 | 硅藻 | 硅藻、蓝藻、水生气单胞菌 | 硅藻、蓝藻、水生气单胞菌 | 
| 安全性 | 组织消解需使用强酸、强氧化剂 | 试剂不涉及危化品 | 试剂不涉及危化品 | 
| 检验时长 | 10~11 h | 6~7 h | 4~5 h | 
Tab. 5 Comparison of three methods for detecting plankton
| 类别 | MD-VF-Auto SEM | 浮游生物多重PCR-CE | SYBR Green Ⅰ qPCR | 
|---|---|---|---|
| 检材需求量 | 较大,肺取2 g,肝、肾取10 g | 肺、肝、肾均取0.5 g | 肺、肝、肾均取0.5 g | 
| 仪器设备 | 微波消解仪、真空抽滤仪、扫描电镜 | PCR扩增仪、毛细管电泳平台 | 实时荧光PCR仪 | 
| 目标物种 | 硅藻 | 硅藻、蓝藻、水生气单胞菌 | 硅藻、蓝藻、水生气单胞菌 | 
| 安全性 | 组织消解需使用强酸、强氧化剂 | 试剂不涉及危化品 | 试剂不涉及危化品 | 
| 检验时长 | 10~11 h | 6~7 h | 4~5 h | 
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