Abstract: Object To study sequence polymorphism of mtDNA control region in chinese Qinghai Tibetan group and Han population. Methods Venous blood samples from 69 unrelated Qinghai Tibetans and Han individuals were collected and their mtDNA control region sequences were analyzed. Polymorphism indicators were calculated. The genetic distances based on Fst and Rst among eleven groups from different districts include the Qinghai Tibetan and Han population were elucidated using Nei′s method. Phylogenetic tree was constructed. Results There were 56 polymorphic loci and 59 loci found in the mtDNA control region of Tibetan group and Han population, respectively. It was indicated by the Rst distance that there was a far distance between Qinghai Tibetan and the other populations (P<0.05), and the distance was much closer between Qinghai Han and Xi′an Han, Mongolian, Changsha Han populations(P>0.05). Conclusion There is unique genetic polymorphism of mtDNA control region both in Qinghai Tibetan and Han population. These findings may be useful in forensic identification, population genetic and migration studies.

Key words: forensic genetics, DNA, mitochondnial, genetic polymorphism, Qinghai, Zang nationality, Han nationality