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Expression of c-jun During the Incised Wound Healing in Mice Skin YANG MEI;GUAN DA-WEI;XIONG CHANG-YAN;CHENG ZI-HUI;YU TIAN-SHUI (. SCHOOL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;CHINA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;SHENYANG 000;CHINA;. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;JIANGSU UNIVERSITY;ZHENJIANG 00;CHINA) 2009, 0(6): 401-404.  Abstract ( 1949 )   Objective To investigate the time-dependent expression of c-jun during the healing of incised wound in mice skin. Methods The expression of c-jun in different stages after the incised wound were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results There was a low level expression of c-jun in normal mice skin. Expression of c-jun was mainly detected in neutrophils from 3 h to 12 h after injury. The c-jun positive cells were almost mononuclear cells (MNCs) and fibroblasts between 1 d and 5 d after injury. The c-jun positive cells were mostly fibroblasts between 7 d and 14 d after injury. The ratio of the c-jun positive cells increased in the wound specimens from 3 h to 12 h, peaked at 12 h, declined partially from 1 d to 5 d, and reached the peak secondly at 7 d, then decreased from 10 d to 14 d. The expression of c-jun was observed throughout the wound healing stages by Western blot with two peaks occurring at 12 h and 7 d after injury. Conclusion The c-jun may play a potential role in inducing apoptosis of neutrophils, MNCs and fibroblasts during skin wound healing, and it may be used as the marker for wound age determination. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of FAP and α-SMA During the Incised Wound Healing in Mice Skin GAO YANG;PENG XUE;JIN ZHAN-FEN;FU ZHI-JUN (. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC PATHOLOGY;HARBIN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;HARBIN 00;CHINA;. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;HARBIN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;HARBIN 00;CHINA) 2009, 0(6): 405-408.  Abstract ( 2197 )   Objective To investigate the time-dependent expression of fibroblast activation protein(FAP) and α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) during the incised wound healing of the skin in mice. Methods The expression of FAP and α-SMA in incised wound of mice skin was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results By immunohistochemistry, the expression of FAP and α-SMA in the normal skin and the skin 1 h after injury maintained at a very low level, but the positive cells expressing FAP and α-SMA started to elevate 6 h after injury and reached its peak on 5 d for FAP and on 3 d for α-SMA, then gradually decreased to the normal level on 14 d. The expression of FAP and α-SMA was observed throughout the wound healing stages 1 d after injuries by Western blot as well with a peak expression occurring on 5 d for FAP and on 3 d for α-SMA after injury. Conclusion FAP may be a potentially useful marker for wound age determination and α-SMA may be used as an effective indicator for the mid-and late stage incised wound of mice skin. The combination use of FAP and α-SMA may be potentially effective indicators for wound age determination. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Temporal Frequency on the Sweep Pattern Visual Evoked Response Acuity LIU RUI-JUE;CHEN JIE-MIN;XIA WEN-TAO;FAN LI-HUA;ZHU GUANG-YOU (. SHANGHAI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R. CHINA;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA;. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;SHANGHAI 2009, 0(6): 409-411.  Abstract ( 1807 )   Objective To investigate the changes of sweep pattern visual evoked response(SPVER) acuity in different temporal frequency. Methods The persons were collected and divided into the low visual acuity group(71 eyes) and the high visual acuity group(92 eyes). The eyes were stimulated with different temporal frequency(8.5 Hz, 10 Hz, 15 Hz and 20 Hz, respectively) and the same series of spatial frequency. The accuracy of SPVER acuity in different temporal frequency was evaluated by compare the SPVER acuity with the subjective vision. Results In the low visual acuity group, there was a good correlation be- tween the SPVER acuity and the subjective vision applying the spatial frequency of the group. In the high visual acuity group, the SPVER acuity was lower than the subjective vision. SPVER acuity showed a good correlation with the subjective vision at the temporal frequency of 10Hz in two groups. Conclusion The temporal frequency can influence SPVER accuracy, so it is necessary to select the suitable stimulation condition in forensic practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Number of Matched STR Loci and Identical Alleles in Individual Discrimination of Colorectal Cancer ZHAO SHU-MIN;LI CHENG-TAO;ZHANG SU-HUA;LI LI (. SHANGHAI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R.CHINA;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA;. SCHOOL OF LIFE SCIENCES;FUDAN UNIVERSITY;SHANGHAI 00; 2009, 0(6): 412-416+.  Abstract ( 1779 )   Objective To establish a feasible algorithm for individual identification of colorectal cancer tissue by investigating its STR mutation. Methods Fifty pairs of fresh colorectal cancer and homologous normal tissues(CR-N group) were genotyped with Identifiler Kit and the mutations generated in cancer tissues were determined. The mutation rates, the numbers of locus matched without identical allele(A0), 1 identical allele(A1), or 2 identical alleles(A2) and the number of total identical alleles(IAn) were calculated. Frequency distributions of A0, A1, A2 and IAn were compared among CR-N group, unrelated individual pairs(UI group) and full sibling pairs(FS group). Discrimination functions were established for individual identification from tumor tissues with discriminatory analysis. Results The frequency of STR genotypic alteration(STRGA) was 3.33% in the 50 colorectal cancer samples. A1, A2 and IAn were fitted to skew distribution in CR-N group, which were significantly different from those in UI or FS group. Based on IAn and A1/A2, discrimination functions were established and validated with an error rate as low as 0.00% for indi- vidual identification from colorectal cancer tissue. Conclusion Discrimination functions established in this study could be a feasible method for individual identification of colorectal cancer samples, which usually have a high frequency of STRGA. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the Criterion of Partial Loss of Heterozygous in Tumor Tissues LI CHENG-TAO;ZHAO SHU-MIN;ZHANG SU-HUA;LI LI (. SHANGHAI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R.CHINA;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA;. SCHOOL OF LIFE SCIENCES;FUDAN UNIVERSITY;SHANGHAI 00; 2009, 0(6): 417-420.  Abstract ( 1678 )   Objective To evaluate the applicability of partial loss of heterozygous(pLOH) criteria in tumor tissues with Identifiler system. Methods Eight thousand four hundred and twenty eight heterozygous loci of the 696 unrelated individuals (UIP) genotyped with Identifiler Kit were randomly paired by locus to construct odds ratio of allelic peak height (or area under allelic curve) according to the given formula. Similarly, odds ratios of allelic peak height (or area under allelic curve) of the 896 heterozygous loci of 77 pairs of tumor and homologous normal tissues(TNP) were also acquired. Curve fitting was performed to determine the distribution of the odds ratio. The proportion of pLOH in two groups was determined with odds ratio less than 0.5 or higher than 2.0. Compared the relevance ratio of allelic peak height and peak area by χ2 test. Results The odds ratio of both peak height and peak area presented normal distribution in UIP (4 214 heterozygous loci pairs) and TNP group(896 heterozygous loci pairs). There was 0.12% of normal heterozygous in UIP group erroneously presumed as pLOH with current criteria(<0.5 or >2.0). There was no significantly difference between the calling rate based on two types of odd ratio(P=0.563 2). Conclusion It is feasible to determine the pLOH in tumor tissue with Identifiler system by both peak height and peak area according to the standards of the odds ratio less than 0.5 or higher than 2.0. Related Articles | Metrics

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Extract Human DNA from Maggot Crop Contents by Phenol-chloroform Method Coupled with Paramagnetic Particle Method WANG XIANG;CAI JI-FENG;ZHONG MING;LI JIAN-BO;ZHANG JIN-GUO;LAN LING-MEI (. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;COLLEGE OF PRECLINICAL MEDICINE;CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY;CHANGSHA 00;CHINA;. THE SECOND XIANGYA HOSPITAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UN 2009, 0(6): 421-424.  Abstract ( 1800 )   Objective To establish an effective phenol-chloroform method coupled with paramagnetic particle method for human DNA extraction from maggot crop contents in STR genotyping. Methods Human DNA was extracted from the maggot crop contents using phenol-chloroform method and purified by para- magnetic particle method. DNA was quantified by PCR with QuantifilerTM Human DNA Quantification Kit using 7500 real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR instrument. PCR products were genotyped by AmpF■STR IdentifilerTM PCR Amplification Kit using 3130XL-Avant genetic analyzer. Results The template DNA yield by the method described were increased at least 2 times than the phenol-chloroform extraction method alone. All of the full 16 STR profiles could be obtained with the samples extracted by this method when the DNA yield reached (0.218±0.041) ng/μL. Conclusion Phenol-chloroform method coupled with paramagnetic particle method can effectively increase the sensitivity of STR analysis of human DNA recovered from maggot crop contents and is a valuable tool for forensic entomology. Related Articles | Metrics

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Development and Application of X -chromosomal STR Multiplex Amplification System LIU QIU-LING;L DE-JIAN;ZHAO HU (DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;ZHONGSHAN MEDICAL COLLEGE;SUN YAT-SEN UNIVERSITY;GUANGZHOU 000;CHINA) 2009, 0(6): 425-427.  Abstract ( 1648 )   Objective To explore the application of X-chromosomal STR(X-STR) for forensic identification and paternity testing. Methods Six X-STR loci DXS6801, DXS9902, DXS6809, DXS6803, DXS6804 and DXS6799 were amplified in a single PCR reaction. PCR products were analyzed using capillary electrophoresis and 3100 Genetic Analyzer and GeneMapper ID v3.1 Analysis Software. Results The alleles of all six X-STR loci were successfully obtained with unambiguous genotyping, high sensitivity and reproducibility. Conclusion The multiplex PCR of six X-STR loci is useful in forensic identification, particularly for sisters cases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Related Analysis of Mental Disability and Retardation Due to Traffic Brain Injury ZHANG DENG-KE;SU QIAO-RONG;ZHANG HONG-WEI;GE JIAN-RONG;ZHANG JIAN;SHI FU-JUAN (FORENSIC JUDICIAL APPRAISAL INSTITUTE;COLLEGE OF SHAOXING ARTS AND SCIENCES;SHAOXING 000;CHINA) 2009, 0(6): 428-430.  Abstract ( 1996 )   Objective To analyze the relevant factors of determing the degree of mental disability after brain injuries in the traffic accidents. Methods A total of 157 forensic psychiatry cases involving the assessment of mental disability caused by traffic accidents were collected and divided into three groups (mild, moderate and severe) according to the conclusion of the forensic identification. The demographic, clinical and forensic data were compared in the three groups and analyzed with ordinal logistic regression. Results There was no statistically significant difference in the demographic data among three groups(P>0.05). While there was statistically significant difference in the coma duration, severity of intracranial hemorrhage, working capacity, family duties, social functions, self care capacity and intelligence quotient(P<0.05) among the groups. Intracranial hemorrhage, family duties, social functions and self care capacity were chosen as the factors in the logistic regression equation. Conclusion The degree of the brain damage influenced the mental disability. Family duties, social functions and self care capacity are the major factors for determing the degree of mental disability after injured. Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of Ethyl Glucuronide in Blood by GC-MS/MS SHEN BAO-HUA;YAN HUI;ZHAO HUI;ZHUO XIAN-YI (. SHANGHAI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R.CHINA;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA;. SHANGHAI MEDICAL COLLEGE;FUDAN UNIVERSITY;SHANGHAI 000;CH 2009, 0(6): 431-433.  Abstract ( 1989 )   Objective To develop a method for determining ethyl glucuronide(EtG) in human blood with gas chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Methods Human blood protein was precipitated with acetonitrile. The supernatant was transferred and air flow dried after centrifugated. The residue was derived with N, O -bis (trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA), and analyzed with GC -MS/MS. Results The detection limit of EtG in blood was 0.05 μg/mL. Calibration curve covered a span from 0.1-10 μg/mL with a good linear relationship (r=0.999 9). The method showed a excellent performance when was used to authentic blood sample analysis for EtG. Conclusion The method is suitable for blood EtG analysis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Temperature and Time on Stability of Ketamine in Biological Samples CAO JIE;WANG ZHEN-HUA;JIA JUAN;YUN KE-MING;WEI ZHI-WEN;WANG YU-JIN (. SCHOOL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;SHANXI MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;TAIYUAN 0000;CHINA;. DEPARTMENT OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION;PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU OF XI’AN;XI’AN 00;CHINA) 2009, 0(6): 434-436.  Abstract ( 2513 )   Objective The stability of ketamine in biological samples was studied under different storage temperature and time. Methods The rabbits were given intragastric administration of ketamine with a dose of 150 mg/kg and were sacrificed after 30 minutes. Blood, liver, kidney and brain of the rabbits were stored at room temperature (between 18 ℃ and 24 ℃) and -20 ℃. The specimens were analyzed at different times by GC-MS and GC-NPD. Results At -20 ℃, the concentration of ketamine decreased in all of samples (P<0.05) within 30 days. The concentration of ketamine increased in all of samples stored at room temperature after 5 days(P<0.05). Conclusion The stability of ketamine in biological samples stored at-20 ℃ was better than that at room temperature. The samples suspected containing ketamine should be stored at-20 ℃ and should be tested as soon as possible. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Multiple Cephalosporins in Blood and Urine by HPLC LI MU;LIAO LIN-CHUAN;YAN YOU-YI;YANG LIN;LIU XIAO-MIN;DAI JIN;MA XIAO-NA;SHENG XIN;HUANG HONG;SU GUI (. WEST CHINA SCHOOL OF PRECLINICAL AND FORENSIC MEDICINE;SICHUAN UNIVERSITY;CHENGDU 00;CHINA;. SCHOOL OF PHARMACY;CHENGDU M 2009, 0(6): 437-439.  Abstract ( 1940 )   Objective To establish a new high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method for determining the concentration of cefazolin, cefradine, cefoperazone and cefotaxime in blood and urine, as well as to investigate its applicability. Methods Protein in blood and urine was precipitated directly by acetonitrile with acetanilide was used as the internal standard using Agilent Zorbax SB-Aq column(250 mm× 4.6 mm,5 μm). The mixed solvents of water(triethylamine 0.12%, acetic acid 0.12%) and acetonitrile were used as the mobile phase to separate cephalosporins using gradient elution method at 1 mL/min (flow rate) and 254 nm(detection wavelength). Results The working curve of four cephalosporins showed a good cor- relation (r=0.999 3), with the detection limit up to 0.01 μg/mL. The recovery rate was more than 81.2%. Conclusion This method is fast, easy and accurate. It is suitable for biological analysis of the 4 cephalosporins of the blood and urine in practical cases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Validation of Differential Extraction Kit in Forensic Sexual Assault Cases WU DAN;CAO YU;XU YAN;HE BAI-FANG;BI GANG;ZHOU HUAI-GU (. KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC EVIDENCE AND SCENE TECHNOLOGY;SHANGHAI KEY LABORATORY OF CRIME SCENE EVIDENCE;PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU OF SHANGHAI;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA;. APPLIED BIOSYSTE 2009, 0(6): 440-442.  Abstract ( 1934 )   Objective To evaluate the validity of Differential Extraction Kit in isolating spermatozoa and epithelial cell DNA from mixture samples. Methods Selective lysis of spermatid and epithelial cells combined with paramagnetic particle method were applied to extract the DNA from the mock samples under controlled conditions and forensic case samples, and template DNA were analyzed by STR genotype method. Results This Differential Extraction Kit is efficient to obtain high quality spermatid and epithelial cell DNA from the mixture samples with different proportion of sperm to epithelial cell. Conclusion The Differential Extraction Kit can be applied in DNA extraction for mixed stain from forensic sexual assault samples. Related Articles | Metrics

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Receptor Antagonist of NMDA and Animal Models of Schizophrenia BIAN SHI-ZHONG;ZHANG JIAN;LIU WEI-LI;SUN ZHI-HONG;GU ZHEN-LUN;JIANG XIAO-GANG;(. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;MEDICAL COLLEGE OF SOOCHOW UNIVERSITY;SUZHOU;CHINA;. SUZHOU INSTITUTE OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA;SUZHOU 00; 2009, 0(6): 443-446.  Abstract ( 1897 )   Schizophrenia is one of the common mental diseases. Because the mechanism of the schizophrenia is significantly complicated,the cause is still unknown. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist can simulate the positive and negative symptoms, as well as the cognitive disorder of schizophrenia. Thus it has been widely used to establish the animal models of schizophrenia. The relationship of the three blocking agents of ion channels (phencyclidine, MK-801, ketamine) and the establishment of schizophrenia animal models is reviewed in this article. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Succession of Sarcophagus Beetles on Carrion and Its Application in Forensic Medicine PENG QIAN-YI;YE LU-SI;MA LI-PING;CAI JI-FENG;(. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;SCHOOL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES;CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY;CHANGSHA 00;CHINA;. THE THIRD XIANGYA HOSPITAL;CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY;CHANGSHA 00; 2009, 0(6): 447-450.  Abstract ( 1893 )   Sarcophagus beetles, which can not be replaced by Diptera, play a pivotal role not only in estimating PMI of dry human skeletal remains in the later stages decomposition of carcasses, but also the corruption, destruction, decomposition and posture changes of carcasses. This article explicates the succession of sarcophagus beetles on carrion and its influencing factors, and introduces the application and prospects of sarcophagus beetles in forensic entomology. Although few researches focus on sarcophagus beetles at present, it is believed that more and more forensic scientists will pay attention to sarcophagus beetles’ application in forensic identification. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Application of Biochemical Indexes Detecting in Sudden Cardiac Death in Forensic Autopsy MAO RUI-MING;ZHENG QIAN-QIAN;LI XIAO-LIN;XIONG CHANG-YAN;ZHU BAO-LI;(. SCHOOL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;CHINA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;SHENYANG 000;CHINA;. DEPARTMENT OF LEGAL MEDICINE;OSAKA CITY UNIVERSITY MEDICAL SCHOOL;OSAKA -;JAPAN) 2009, 0(6): 451-454.  Abstract ( 1860 )   Sudden cardiac death(SCD) from early myocardial ischemia is often lack of typically morphological findings and clinical manifestation, thus cases of SCD may be suspected as criminal cases. It is necessary to clarify the cause of death, which is significance for medico-legal investigation. This article reviewed the latest advancement in the studies on the application of inorganic ions, CK-MB, cTn, ANP and BNP for certification of death from SCD in order to provide a practical way for diagnosis of SCD in forensic pathology. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope in Forensic Pathology ZHUO LUO;HU LE-SHENG;ZHOU LAN;ZHENG NA;LIANG MAN;YANG FAN;LIU LIANG (. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;TONGJI MEDICAL COLLEGE;HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY;WUHAN 000;CHINA;. SHUNDE POLICE SUB-GROUP OF FOSHAN;FOSHAN 2009, 0(6): 455-458.  Abstract ( 1739 )   Confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM) is a new technique for microscopic imaging, which can collect the transverse section image of the samples and produce three-dimensional reconstruction and present higher spatial resolution than the conventional light microscope. As a precision instrument for the microscopic image, it plays an important role in forensic pathology. The article reviews the recent research achievements from sudden cardiac death, bullet wound and nervous system damage, etc, and explores the potential applications of the forensic pathology research and forensic practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Journal of Forensic Medicine CONTENTS IN BRIEF INDEX OF VOLUME 25 2009, 0(6): 481-486.  Abstract ( 1529 )   Related Articles | Metrics