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28 February 2010, Volume 26 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Estimation of Postmortem Interval Using FTIR Spectroscopy in Rats' Cardiac Muscle HUANG PING;SU CHANG-PEI;LI SHI-SONG;XING BO;TUO YA;LU QING-YANG;KE YONG;WANG ZHEN-YUAN(.SHANGHAI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R.CHINA;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA;.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC SCIEN 2010, 0(1): 1-5.  Abstract ( 1772 )   Objective FTIR(Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy was applied to observe the process of postmortem degradation in rats’cardiac muscle and provided a new method for the estimation of post-mortem interval(PMI).Methods The rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and the bodies were kept in a controlled environmental chamber set at(20±2) ℃.The FTIR spectra was applied to measure the changes of different chemical group from rats’ left ventricle muscle at the different time point postmortem.Results There were not obvious changes for the main FTIR absorbance peaks.But the different FTIR absorbance at the wave-number(cm-1) indicated the three types: increase,decrease,stable.The various absorbance ratios al-so demonstrated the similar changes.Conclusion FTIR spectroscopy may be potentially used as an effec-tive method for estimating PMI in forensic practice using cardiac muscle tissue. Related Articles | Metrics

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Detection of Metal Elements of Skin in Electric Injury by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry CHEN YUAN-YUAN;ZHANG JIAN-HUA;MA DONG;LI LI;CHEN YI-JIU(.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;MEDICAL COLLEGE OF SOOCHOW UNIVERSITY;SUZHOU;CHINA;.SHANG-HAI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE; 2010, 0(1): 6-9.  Abstract ( 1841 )   Objective To explore the feasibility of the detection of metal elements of skin in electric in-jury using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),and to establish a method to detect metal elements of skin in electric injury.Methods Brass,copper,aluminum and iron were used as elec-trodes to make electrical marks on rabbit hindlimb(220 V AC),and then ICP-MS was used to detect the metal elements in injured skin.Results Comparing with control group,the levels of Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn and Pb showed higher in the group of brass shock(P<0.05);the levels of Cr,Cu and Pb were higher in group of the copper shock(P<0.05);the levels of Al,Cr,Mn,Co,Ni,Cu and Pb displayed stronger in group of aluminum shock(P<0.05);the levels of Cr,Mn,Fe and Ni showed higher in the group of iron shock(P<0.05).The types and levels of metal elements showed the significant difference between different electrode groups after electric injury.Conclusion ICP-MS can be used as an effective tool to determine electric injury,and the method can be used to estimate the features of electrodes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Morphology Changes of Ubiquitin-proteasome System in Traumatic Epilepsy HE PENG-XIANG;TANG YUN-LIN;CAI WEI-LIN;HUANG YONG-HUA;FANG CHAO;JING HUA-LAN(.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;ZHONGSHAN MEDICAL COLLEGE;SUN YAT-SEN UNIVERSITY;GUANGZHOU 000;CHINA;.THE PLA AIR FORCE HOSPITAL OF GUANGZHOU;GUANGZHOU 00;CHINA 2010, 0(1): 10-14.  Abstract ( 1806 )   Objective To investigate the value of ubiquitin(Ub) and ubiquitin-activating enzyme1(UbE1) for the appraisement of post traumatic epilepsy(PTE).Methods Fifteen specimens from human epileptic temporal cortex originating from PTE were collected as the PTE group.Fifteen specimens from non-PTE were collected as the non-PTE group.Meanwhile,15 normal cerebral cortex specimens from people dead from acute traffic accident were collected as the control groups.Observe morphology changes of each group with HE,then with immunohistochemistry of Ub and UbE1.Results Compared to the control group,mor-phology changes of neuron quantity reduction,neuron denaturation and so on were observed both in the PTE group and the non-PTE group under HE,especially in the PTE group.Ub and UbE1 mainly expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the neurons in epilepsy spot without extracellular expression.The expres-sion of Ub and UbE1 is PTE group > non-PTE group > control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The neuron denaturation are one of the main pathology changes of epilepsy,and it is more obvious in the PTE group.Immunohistochemistry of Ub and UbE1 may be more helpful to distinguish PTE and non-PTE than HE staining. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of c-jun Protein after Experimental Rat Brain Concussion WANG FENG;LI YONG-HONG(DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;WANNAN MEDICAL COLLEGE;WUHU 00;CHINA) 2010, 0(1): 15-17.  Abstract ( 1851 )   Objective To observe c-jun protein expression after rat brain concussion and explore the forensic pathologic markers following brain concussion.Methods Fifty-five rats were randomly divided into brain con-cussion group and control group.The expression of c-jun protein was observed by immunohistochemistry.Results There were weak positive expression of c-jun protein in control group.In brain concussion group,however,some neutrons showed positive expression of c-jun protein at 15 min after brain concussion,and reach to the peak at 3 h after brain concussion.Conclusion The research results suggest that detection of c-jun protein could be a marker to determine brain concussion and estimate injury time after brain concussion. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of Thresholds Acquired with SVR and PTA in Normal Hearing Subjects LIU HUI;ZHU GUANG-YOU;YANG XIAO-PING;ZHOU XIAO-RONG;WAN LEI;FAN LI-HUA(.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;MEDICAL COLLEGE OF SOOCHOW UNIVERSITY;SUZHOU;CHINA;.SHANG-HAI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;MINI 2010, 0(1): 18-21.  Abstract ( 1897 )   Objective To investigate the value of slow vertex response(SVR) for forensic appraisement of hearing dysfunction by comparing the thresholds acquired with SVR and pure tone audiometry(PTA).Methods Forty-six subjects with normal hearing were tested with PTA(0.125-8 kHz) and SVR(0.5-4 kHz).Paired t-test analysis was performed on the thresholds of SVR and PTA at each frequency(0.5,1,2 and 4 kHz),and analysis of variance was performed on the difference between the pure tone audiometry threshold and the evoked potential threshold among different frequency.Results At each frequency(0.5,1,2 kHz and 4 kHz),difference between the thresholds acquired with SVR and PTA was statistically significant(P<0.05).The mean difference of the two thresholds were(5.98±6.72) dB HL at 0.5 kHz,(3.86±6.12) dB HL at 1 kHz,(7.12±6.56) dB HL at 2 kHz,(8.53±7.90) dB HL at 4 kHz,and the mean difference at 1 kHz was the smallest.This variation between frequencies was also statistically significant.Conclusion The thresholds acquired with SVR were higher than those acquired with PTA.The adjusted thresholds should be established at each frequency,when the SVR thresholds are used to evaluate the behavioural hearing thresholds. Related Articles | Metrics

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X-SNP Genotyping Using the TaqMan Probe Technology ZHANG SU-HUA;LI LI;LI CHENG-TAO;ZHAO SHU-MIN(.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;MEDICAL COLLEGE OF SOOCHOW UNIVERSITY;SUZHOU;CHINA;.SHANG-HAI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R.CHINA;SHAN 2010, 0(1): 22-25.  Abstract ( 1932 )   Objective To develop a rapid,accurate and economical real time fluorescence PCR method with TaqMan probe technology to detect the X chromosome single nucleotide polymorphism(X-SNP).Methods Taq-Man probes and polymerase chain reaction primers were respectively designed according to the 13 X-SNP.Then,the X-SNP were genotyped after the amplification by real time fluorescence PCR.Results All the loci follow the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.The polymorphic information content for 13 distinct loci varied between 0.349 7 and 0.375 0 while the heterozygosity ranged from 0.453 7 to 0.502 1.A real time fluorescent PCR method based on TaqMan probe was successfully developed and the results were accordant with those analyzed by DNA sequencing of the 13 X-SNP.Conclusion The allele specific real time fluores-cence PCR based on TaqMan probe is a sensitive,simple technology and suitable for rapid analysis of X-SNP.All the loci show highly polymorphic and may be potential in forensic genetics. Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of SNP Multiplexes Utilizing Universal Reporter Primers for Forensic Purposes HE BAI-FANG;WU YIN-BAO;LI JIN;CHEN HUI;YANG QING-EN;HUANG DAI-XIN(.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;TONGJI MEDICAL COLLEGE;HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECH-NOLOGY;WUHAN 000;CHINA;.APPLIED BIOSYSTEMS TRADING CO.;LTD.SHANGHAI 0000;CHINA 2010, 0(1): 26-29.  Abstract ( 1800 )   Objective To establish a simple,fast and economical technique for multiplex-typing SNPs and to explore its potential forensic application.Methods Five Y-SNP loci(IMS-JST164520,IMS-JST021354,IMS-JST003305,M119 and M134) were selected and the allele specific primers of each locus were designed with the universal reporter primers tailed at their 5′ end.Alleles of these loci were amplified first by al-lele specific primers,then amplified by universal reporter primers tagged by fluorescent dye.Results A fluores-cent-multiplex PCR system of the five Y-SNP loci was established.The typing results showed that two different colors of product peaks denoted two different alleles of a SNP locus,and the fragment sizes of alleles among different SNP loci were different.The haplotype diversity of these five loci was estimated to be 0.865 5 in Wuhan Han population.Conclusion The multiplex-typing SNPs based on the universal re-porter primers is a simple,fast,and economical technique,and may have good application value in forensic medicine. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Influence of Estazolam on Human Neurobehavioral Function BU JUN;ZHUO XIAN-YI(SHANGHAI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R.CHI-NA;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA) 2010, 0(1): 30-32.  Abstract ( 2310 )   Objective To study the relation between human blood estazolam concentration and neurobehavioral function.Methods The neurobehavioral ability of 10 volunteers were measured with computer-administered neurobehavioral evaluation system-chinese3(NES-C3) and SMART EquiTest system.Results The neurobe-havioral ability and balance function declined 1 h later after dosing estazolam.The neurobehavioral ability index and balance function declined to the lowest level 3 h later after dosing estazolam.The neurobehavioral ability recovered partly 6 h later after dosing estazolam,and neurobehavioral ability recovered completely 10 h later.Conclusion Driving ability was impaired when estazolam concentration in blood is 20 ng/mL,and the neurobehavioral ability declined when estazolam concentration is 40 ng/mL in blood.The influence to hu-man in absorption process is greater than the metabolic process with the same estazolam concentration. Related Articles | Metrics

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Forensic Pathological Analysis on 23 Cases of Fatal Pulmonary Thromboembolism GONG DAO-YIN;WANG YAO-BIN;ZHANG CEN-CEN;HUANG FEI-JUN(WEST CHINA SCHOOL OF PRECLINICAL AND FORENSIC MEDICINE;SICHUAN UNIVERSITY;CHENGDU 00;CHINA) 2010, 0(1): 33-36.  Abstract ( 2188 )   Objective To analyze the forensic pathological characteristics of sudden death caused by pulmonary thromboembolism and the chronological transformation of thrombus and explore the assessment method of the causal relationship between previous trauma and the following fatal PTE episode.Methods All the 23 cases reviewed here were collected from our institute files from the year of 1998 to 2008.Results Trauma,surgery and braking etc.were all risky factors of PTE.Of these cases,12 cases were caused by trauma,21 cases were caused by surgery and 22 cases died in hospitals which were often happened one or two weeks after injury or one week’s postoperative time.Of all the cases,6 cases had single attack of throm-bus and the rest 17 cases had the recurrence of thrombus.The number of the leg deep vein to be the embolic source was 16 cases which were often seen in the left leg.Conclusion It is important to confirm the embolic source,trauma,surgery and chronological events in determing the sudden death with PTE. Related Articles | Metrics

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Forensic Medicine Identification of Manual Strangulation:An Analysis of 21 Cases WU LIN-CHANG;ZHOU WEN-YONG;YUAN YONG-SHENG;ZHANG FENG;ZHU BO(.XIANGFAN RAILWAY PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU;XIANGFAN 00;CHINA;.XIANGYANG BRANCH OF XIANGFAN PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU;XIANGFAN 00;CHINA;.FANCHENG BRANCH OF XIANGFAN PUBLIC SECURITY BUR 2010, 0(1): 37-39.  Abstract ( 1908 )   Objective To analyze and summarize the rule of manual strangulation,as well as to look for the key points of injury identification,in order to provide information for formulating and revising the identifica-tion regulations.Methods Twenty-one cases of manual strangulation from 1963 to 2004 in Xiangfan were reviewed and analyzed according to the characters,symptoms and appraisements.Results The majority of assaulters in manual strangulation was young adult male and often could find the counteracted wounds on them.The throttling mark reaction usually could be found in victims and the cardinal symptoms were con-tusion in throat and asphyxiation in ocular region.Conclusion The degree of injuries is mainly moderate and slight.There is some inadaptability in the current regulations. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Spiral CT Reconstruction in the Forensic Identification of Atlantoaxial Injuries XU XIAO-MING;ZHENG CHUAN-FEI;LIU XING-BEN;LIU JI-HUI(SCHOOL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;CHINA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;SHENYANG 000;CHINA) 2010, 0(1): 40-42.  Abstract ( 1982 )   Objective To evaluate diagnostic value of spiral CT reconstruction in atlantoaxial injuries.Methods The images of 25 cases of spiral CT reconstruction were analyzed and compared with images of CT scan and X-ray.Results In 7 cases of odontoid process fracture,X-ray demonstrated 4 cases and CT demonstrated 5 cases,whereas the spiral CT reconstruction diagnosed 7 cases,which could display the displacement of fracture clearly.The X-ray and CT showed asymmetric space between left and right gaps of atlantoaxial joint in 6 cases,while spiral CT reconstruction showed normal and excluded the possibility of atlantoaxial dislocation.There was one case of lateral atlantoaxial joint dislocation,which was demon-strated by the spiral CT reconstruction clearly but not by the X-ray and CT scan.There were 3 cases of atlantoaxial congenital deformity(1 case of absence of both posterior arch of atlas and odontoid process and 2 cases of maldevelopment of the odontoid process),which were displayed clearly by spiral CT re-construction,but misdiagnosed as odontoid process fracture and atlantoaxial subluxation by X-ray and CT scan.Conclusion Spiral CT reconstruction can provide the most accurate and integrity imaging information and is very useful in the diagnosis of atlantoaxial injuries and deformity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Imaging Manifestation and Medicolegal Significance of Bipartite Patella YING CHONG-LIANG;WANG YA-HUI;WAN LEI;(.SHANGHAI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCES;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R.CHINA;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA;.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;MEDICAL COLLEGE OF SOOCHOW UNIVERSITY;SUZHOU 2010, 0(1): 43-46.  Abstract ( 1826 )   Bipartite patella is uncommon in clinical medicine.It is formed by two or more ossification centers which do not fused in adolescence.It is repeatedly misdiagnosed as patellar fracture in clinical practice.In order to elevate the recognition of imaging signs of bipartite patella and to avoid the fault in medicole-gal expertise testimony,three cases of bipartite patella were analyzed in combination of literature review,and the possible causes,histological changes,imaging signs,and clinical manifestation of bipartite patella were also discussed.The three cases concerned were all adults,two male and one female.They all felt pain after knee joint injury and were diagnosed as patellar fracture in medical institutions.Two cases were appraised on the degree of injury and one was on the degree of disability.According to Saupe’s grouping,two cases were group Ⅲ,and one was groupⅡ and Ⅲ.In the practice of medicolegal expertise testimo-ny,recognizing imaging signs of bipartite patella could provide more rigorous and objective conclusion. Related Articles | Metrics

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Applications of Alu Family in Forensic DNA Analysis ZHAO GUI-SEN;CHANG LIN;MO YAO-NAN(.KEY LABORATORY OF EVIDENCE SCIENCE;CHINA UNIVERSITY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND LAW;MINISTRY OF EDU-CATION;BEIJING 000;CHINA;.SCHOOL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;HENAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLO-GY;LUOYANG 00;CHINA 2010, 0(1): 47-50.  Abstract ( 1805 )   Alu family is the primate specific short interspersed repetitive elements(SINEs).Its abundance and diversity distribution in genome,high methylation level and polymorphic for insertion make them ide-ally suitable as tools in forensic applications.The application of Alu sequence in forensic genomics,in-clude DNA quantitation,race determination,species and gender identification,personal identification,paternity testing and whole-genome amplification.The principles and characteristics of these Alu-based techniques are also summarized.The prospect of Alu as forensic molecular marker is discussed as well. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on Neuropsychology and Event-related Potentials in Patients with Brain Trauma DONG RI-XIA;CAI WEI-XIONG;TANG TAO;HUANG FU-YIN(.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;MEDICAL COLLEGE OF SOOCHOW UNIVERSITY;SUZHOU;CHINA;.SHANG-HAI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R.CHINA;S 2010, 0(1): 51-55.  Abstract ( 1829 )   With the development of information technology,as one of the research frontiers in neurophysi-ology,event-related potentials(ERP) is concerned increasingly by international scholars,which provides a feasible and objective method for exploring cognitive function.There are many advances in neuropsycholo-gy due to new assessment tool for the last years.The basic theories in the field of ERP and neuropsy-chology were reviewed in this article.The research and development in evaluating cognitive function of pa-tients with syndrome after brain trauma were focused in this review,and the perspectives for the future research of ERP was also explored. Related Articles | Metrics

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Micellar Liquid Chromatography and Its Application in Toxicological Analysis CHENG XIANG-WEI;JIANG WEN-HUI;CHU JIAN-XIN(.ZHEJIANG POLICE COLLEGE;HANGZHOU 00;CHINA;.THE PEOPLE’S PROCURATORATE OF HANGZHOU;HANGZHOU 00;CHINA;.THE PEOPLE’S PROCURATORATE OF ZHEJIANG PROVINCE;HANGZHOU 00;CHINA) 2010, 0(1): 56-58+6.  Abstract ( 2293 )   Micellar liquid chromatography(MLC) is a reversed phase liquid chromatography with mobile phases containing surfactant above its critical micellar concentration(CMC).The basic mechanism and ad-vantages of MLC in physicochemical analysis were reviewed,and its applications in analysis of drugs,bar-biturates,benzodiazepines were chiefly introduced in this paper.MLC is a potential method to toxicological analysis due to strong selectivity,wide application scope and easy biological samples,etc. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Alcohol Mass Concentration in Corpse Blood XIE YING;DENG ZHEN-HUA(.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;NORTH SICHUAN MEDICAL COLLEGE;NANCHONG 00;CHINA;.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC PATHOLOGY;WEST CHINA SCHOOL OF PRECLINICAL AND FORENSIC MEDICINE;CHENGDU 00;CHINA) 2010, 0(1): 59-63.  Abstract ( 3662 )   The blood alcohol concentration(BAC) is an important evidence to determine the alcohol level at the time of death.But due to the postmortem synthesis and diffusion of alcohol,the cadaveric BAC can not always represent the original BAC at the time of death.It is a crucial problem to determine the origi-nal level in corpse.The article reviewed the following points: the distribution in corpse,and how to sam-ple,the influences on the diffusion of alcohol and putrefaction,the discussion about alcohol mass concen-tration measure methods. Related Articles | Metrics