Archive

28 June 2008, Volume 24 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue
---
论文


For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX

Toggle Thumbnails

论文

Select

The Changes of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in Rat's Brain KE YONG;ZHANG JIAN-GANG;HUANG PING;LU QING-YANG;FAN SHUAN-LIANG;XU YONG-CHENG;WANG ZHEN-YUAN (. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;MEDICAL COLLEGE;XI′AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY;XI′AN 00;CHINA;. TECHNICAL SURVEILLANCE DIVISION;XI′AN PUB 2008, 0(3): 161-164.  Abstract ( 1879 )   Objective To apply Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to study the process of postmortem degradation of the rat brain and to provide a new way for the estimation of postmortem interval (PMI). Methods The rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and the bodies were kept in a controlled environmental chamber set at (30±2)℃. To measure the content of the chemical groups in postmortem rat brains at the different time points from 0 to 36 h using the FTIR spectrograph. Results With prolongation of PMI, the peak position of main absorbance bands in the FTIR spectra showed no significant changes, while the peak levels showed dramatic changes: (1) The relative peak intensity of 1080 cm-1, 1238 cm-1 (I1080/I1398,I1238/I1398) associated with nucleic acid decreased obviously; (2) The peak intensity ratio at Amide I, II (I1647/I1541) decreased; (3) The peak intensities at 1456 cm-1 and 1398 cm-1 showed a decreased and an increased trend, respectively; (4) Compared to the peak intensity of 1647 cm-1, the peak intensities at 2852 cm-1, 2871 cm-1, 2923 cm-1, and 2958 cm-1 tended to increase, with only a slightly increased tendency in peak intensity of 2871 cm-1. Conclusion FTIR spectroscopy may be potentially used as an effective method for estimating the PMI in medicolegal practice using brain tissue sample. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The Relationship between the Degradation of Actin and the Postmortem Interval in Rats LIU YANG;KUAI JIN- XIA;ZHANG YAN- WEI;WANG YING- YUAN (SCHOOL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;SHANXI MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;TAIYUAN 0000;CHINA) 2008, 0(3): 165-167+.  Abstract ( 2121 )   Objective To observe the degradation of actin in cardiac muscle, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain and skeletal muscle of rats after death and to find an objective parameter for the late postmortem interval (PMI) estimation. Methods Twenty eight clear Sprague Dawley rats were killed by suffocating and put into an artificial climate incubator (set at 20 ℃) for 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 168 h, respectively. The actin contents in the above tissues were quantitated by Western- blot assay and collected by Image- Pro Plus 5.0 image analysis system, and were then statistically analyzed with the SPSS11.5 software. Results Actin content in all these tissues decreased gradually with prolonged PMI. The degradation differences between the groups was statistically significant (P<0.05), with the degradation in the brain fastest, then the lung, the spleen, the liver, the kidney, the cardiac muscle and the skeletal muscle in order. There was a strong correlation between actin degradation and PMI, and the coefficient of determination (R2) exceeded 0.75 in all these tissues. Conclusion Although with tissue disparity in degradation, the actin contents in cardiac muscle, liver, spleen, lung, kindey, brain and skeletal muscle of rats decreased gradually with prolonged PMI, which may potentially be a useful parameter for the late PMI estimation. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Animal model of grading skeletal muscle contusion due to blunt impact in rats YU TIAN-SHUI;GUAN DA-WEI;CHENG ZI-HUI;ZHAO RUI;HU GENG-YI;ZHU RUI-XIA;WANG LING;GUO XIAO-CHONG;WANG CHANG-LIANG (. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC PATHOLOGY;SCHOOL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;CHINA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;SHENYANG 000;CHINA;. DEPART 2008, 0(3): 168-171+.  Abstract ( 2052 )   Objective To establish a new animal model of grading skeletal muscle contusions that could be controllable and repetitive. Methods The rats′ gastrocnemius was injured by a new weight-dropping device designed. The force acting on gastrocnemius with a comparatively constant duration and inducing elastic deformation of the gastrocnemius was expressed with velocity (v) and deformation (DF). Instant velocity was changed to create gastrocnemius contusions. Pathological changes of gastrocnemius were graded by the gross and histological examinations of 39 rats. Results At low level of impact (v: 2 m/s, DF: 5.5 mm), mild injuries were detected in epimysium and superficial layer of gastrocnemius. At moderate level of impact (v: 2.5 m/s, DF: 6.5 mm), the injuries were observed in epimysium and whole gastrocnemius. At high level of impact (v: 3 m/s, DF: 7.5 mm), severe injuries were seen deeper to soleus with more extensive skeletal muscle damage. Conclusion Grading of skeletal muscle blunt force contusion is created by parameter of velocity and muscle deformation. The model could be used for further research on skeletal muscle contusions. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The Expression of NGF after Rat Diffuse Axonal Injury CHEN ZONG-YUN;WANG JING-YU;LI YONG-HONG (DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;WANNAN MEDICAL COLLEGE;WUHU 000;CHINA) 2008, 0(3): 172-174.  Abstract ( 2028 )   Objective To study the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) in diffuse axonal injury (DAI) in rat. Methods Eighty SD rats were used and samples were taken at l h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 3 d, and 7 d after brain injury. The expressions of NGF in cerebral cortex, thalamus, cerebellum, and hippocampus were studied with immunohistochemistry and compared with normal group and sham operation group. Results Low expression of NGF was observed in normal group and sham operation group. The expression of NGF increased 1h after injury, peaked at 12 h, and returned to basal level at day 7. Conclusion NGF is involved in repair of DAI. The changes of NGF expression following DAI may be applied to estimate the post-injury time interval of the brain in forensic medicine. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Expression of Myocardial CollagenⅠin Early Acute Myocardial Ischemic of Human GAO SHU-HONG;LIU CONG;TAN QIU-FENG;HUANG FEI-JUN (. WEST CHINA SCHOOL OF PRECLINICAL AND FORENSIC MEDICINE;SICHUAN UNIVERSITY CHENDU 00;CHINA;.CENTER OF INFECTIONS DISEASES;WEST CHINA HOSPITAL;SICHUAN UNIVERSITY CHENGDU 00;CHINA) 2008, 0(3): 175-177+.  Abstract ( 1955 )   Objective To estimate the significance of myocardial collagenⅠin the early acute myocardial ischemia of human. Methods The myocardial paraffin block had normal group, early myocardial ischemia group and myocardial infarction group. The myocardial collagenⅠwas observed with immunohistochemical staining and analyzed by half- quantity. Results The similar expression of collagen Ⅰ was observed in the cytoplasm and nucleolus in two groups. Conclusion The collagenⅠappeared in the myocardium of early acute myocardial ischemia of human. It may be an important index for postmortem diagnosis of the early acute myocardial ischemia. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Repaired Ulnar Nerve and Effect on its Innervating Muscles in Rat ZHENG RU;SHENG YI-WEN;WANG TAO;LUO PENG-BO;ZHAO ZI-QIN (. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;SHANGHAI MEDICAL COLLEGE;FUDAN UNIVERSITY;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA;. HUASHAN HOSPITAL OF FUDAN UNIVERSITY;SHANGHAI 0000;CHINA) 2008, 0(3): 178-181+.  Abstract ( 2060 )   Objective To study the morphological changes of the rat claw inner skeletal muscle after ulnar nerve injury at different sections and different recovery times. Methods Forty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were selected and placed randomly in seven groups. After establishing model of injury and repair of claw inner skeletal muscle by cutting off the ulnar nerve, the muscle wet weight, cross section area of myocytes, and collagen fibers were measured. Results Claw inner skeletal muscle atrophy was significantly less in experiment groups compared with the control groups after ulnar nerve injuries. The functional recovery was better in the early repair groups than the late repair group. Collagen fibers increased slowly in earlier stage, but more significantly in late stage. The muscle atrophy was similar in wrist and elbow after ulnar nerve injury during the same recovery period. Conclusion The function can recover completely or partly in early repair groups, but not quite effective in late stage. The increase of collagen fiber is one of the reasons to undermine the recovery effect of damaged ulnar nerve. There is no obvious difference of effect on the morphological changes of the rat claw inner skeletal muscle no matter the ulnar nerve is injured at wrist or elbow. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Trend of Bone Development of Adolescent at 14 years old YE LONG-YU;LI KAI;YE KE;ZHANG QIN-CHU;LIU ZHI-HUI;WEN XIAO-MING;LIU SI-HAI;PENG YU-BIN;NI JUN (. LOUDI HYGIENIC SCHOOL;LOUDI 000;CHINA;. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;NANJING MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;NANJING 00;CHINA;. LOUXIN 2008, 0(3): 182-184.  Abstract ( 2080 )   Objective To describe characteristic of hand-wrist bone development in adolescents of 14 years old in China, and to estimate trend of bone development of them. Methods A total of 109 adolescents of 14 years was selected as subjects (males: 53, females: 56). X-rays examination of their left hand-wrist bone were performed and analyzed. The development characteristics of each position in accordance with Gu′s mapping of skeletal age were compared with Gu′s results and ours. Results Compared with Gu′s, osteoepiphysis of distal radius, the first metacarpal bone, the fourth proximal phalanx were more advanced in boys, osteoepiphysis of distal radius, the second-fifth metacarpal bones, the first-fifth proximal phalanxs, and the second-fifth middle phalanxs were more advanced in girls. Conclusion The results suggested that a forward trend of 14 years old adolescents bone development currently exists in our country, especially in girls. As an important age of criminal responsibility, this forward trend of development of bones among adolescents currently should be kept in mind when estimating bone age of criminals. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Species Identification of Biomaterials by Amplifying 12S rRNA Gene LUO HONG;LU HUI-LING;ZHOU XIN-CHEN;ZHANG YA-QING;YAO YA-NAN (. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC BIOLOGY;ZHONGSHAN MEDICAL COLLEGE;SUN YAT-SEN UNIVERSITY;GUANGZHOU 000;CHINA;.GUANGZHOU BLOOD CENTER;GUANGZHOU 00;CHINA;.JIAHE PUBLIC SECURI 2008, 0(3): 185-188+.  Abstract ( 1972 )   Objective To establish an accurate, simple, quick, specific and sensitive method for species identification by amplifying 12S rRNA gene with the same reaction system. Methods Based on the downloaded 12S rRNA gene sequences of eleven species (human, chicken, duck, goose, pig, rabbit, rat, sheep, bull, dog and goat) from GenBank, a pair of universal primers to eleven species and three pairs of specific primers to human,chicken and duck were designed. The amplicons amplified with universal primers were used for internal controls, and the amplicons amplified with specific primers were used as identification of human, chicken and duck. DNA was extracted from various samples including blood stains, fresh or freezing muscles, heat-treated muscles and hairs. Both single DNA of human, chicken or duck and mixed DNA of any two kinds of them were amplified. Results The lengths of universal amplicons were about 400 bp. The lengths of specific amplicons were 163 bp for human, 286 bp for chicken, and 374 bp for duck, respectively. No cross amplification was observed, indicating a high specificity of the specific primers. The identification rate was 100% for human, 99% for chicken, and 100% for duck, respectively. The detection sensitivity ranged from 2.5 pg to 200 pg of DNA concentration depending on species, even in mixtures of different species DNA without interference. Conclusion The method established could identify different species under the same reaction system . Related Articles | Metrics

Select

A New Method for SNP Typing Based on Allele Specific PCR WANG RUI-HENG;LIU LI-MIN;ZHAO JIN-LING;SUN XUE-KE;SUN LIN-LIN;ZHOU GANG (. SCHOOL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;CHINA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;SHENYANG 000;CHINA;. SCHOOL OF LAW;LIAONING NORMAL UNIVERSITY;DALIAN 0;CHINA) 2008, 0(3): 189-193.  Abstract ( 2591 )   Objective To establish a new method of SNP typing. Methods Based on the principle of allele specific PCR and capillary electrophoresis technique, 11 diallelic SNP loci were selected and two forward primers with different length were designed for each SNP, with their 3′ends matched to the two alleles, respectively. An artificially mismatched base was also introduced into the third or fourth base in the 3′end area of the two forward primers in order to enhance the specificity of amplification. A common reverse primer was designed 100-300 bp away from the forward primers, and labeled with fluorescence. The PCR products were separated and analyzed by ABI PrismTM 310 Genetic Analyzer after all of the 11 SNPs were multiply amplified. Results A single product peak was observed while the SNP was homozygous, and two product peaks with different height were observed while the SNP was heterozygous. The length of PCR products was different with the different SNPs. According to the length of the products and the number of the product peaks, the genotypes of the 11 SNPs can simultaneously be analyzed, and the results were in accordance with the direct sequencing. Conclusion Fragment length discrepant allele specific fluorescence labeled multi-PCR (FLDASFLM-PCR) is a simple, rapid and efficient new method for SNP typing. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Persistent Vegetative State Caused by Non-brain Damage and Its Forensic Assessment WANG SHI-FAN (THE HIGH PEOPLE′S COURT OF GANSU PROVINCE;LANZHOU 000;CHINA) 2008, 0(3): 194-196+.  Abstract ( 1931 )   Persistent vegetative state (PVS) is described as one of the complications of brain damage in the current forensic science literatures. PVS unrelated to brain damage, however, is not uncommon in daily forensic practice. Currently, only "Assessment for Body Impairment of the Injured in Road Traffic Accident" designates PVS as one of its items under the section of "Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerves Injury." Therefore, it is difficult to assess the damage and disability in PVS, especially PVS due to non-brain damage. Based on a case of PVS caused by chest injury in combination with relevant literature review, this paper provides a summary on the general information, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PVS, as well as a guideline for its forensic assessment. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Accurate Determination of Wound Depth with Ultrasound and its Forensic Significance WANG FEI-XIANG;FAN LI-HUA;YANG XIAO-PING;LIU RUI-JUE;ZHU GUANG-YOU (SHANGHAI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R.CHINA. SHANGHAI 000;CHINA) 2008, 0(3): 197-199.  Abstract ( 1947 )   Accurate determination of the wound depth has long been a difficult task in forensic medicine due to lack of technology. Nowadays, the depth of the wound can be accurately determined by using high frequency 2-D ultrasound and Color Doppler Flow Imaging (CDFI). Two typical cases with ultrasonic images were reported to show the importance of ultrasound technology in forensic medicine. The new technology provides scientific evidence of the injury assessment. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Advances of the Study of Sarcosaphagous Insects in Forensic Medicine WANG BANG-QIN;CAI JI-FENG;GE YAN;LI FA-ZHAO;MAN YI;CHANG YUN-FENG (. CENTER OF PSYCHOLOGY OF THIRD XIANG-YA HOSPITAL;CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY;CHANGSHA 00;CHINA;. CENTER OF PSYCHOLOGY OF SECOND XIANG-YA HOSPITAL;CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVER 2008, 0(3): 210-213.  Abstract ( 2048 )   The study of sarcosaphagous insects is a subspecialty in forensic medicine based on the knowledge of entomology. It could help to determine the time of death, especially the postmortem interval in decomposed cases. This paper explores its history, species and erosion process of sarcosaphagous insects.It reviews the species identifying methods with molecular biology and entomological morphology. Details of its application in estimating postmortem interval in recent years and study of sarcosaphagous insects in the field of forensic medicine are summarized. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Analysis of Genetics and Genomics of Short Tandem Repeat Loci Commonly Used in Kinship Testing LI CHENG-TAO;GUO HONG;ZHAO ZHEN-MIN;LI LI (. SHANGHAI KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R.CHINA;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA;. SCHOOL OF LIFE SCIENCES;FUDAN UNIVERSITY;SHANGHAI 00;CHIN 2008, 0(3): 214-220.  Abstract ( 2243 )   Since the foundation of FBI laboratory′s Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) a decade ago, the 13 CODIS STR loci of the system as well as the recently developed Penta D, Penta E, D2S1338 and D19S433 loci have been widely used by kinship testing laboratories worldwide and have played an important role in the field of Kinship Testing and in construction of criminal database. This article systemically analyzed the characteristics of STR loci information and its genomic information analyzed through search of a variety of database including Web of Knowledge, Elsevier and Internet resources. The up-to-date application of the commonly used STR loci in recent years is also reviewed. Related Articles | Metrics