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28 August 2005, Volume 21 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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The Study Status and Advances of mVEP ZHOU XIAO-RONG;DENG ZHEN-HUA;CHANG YUN-FENG;ET AL. (WEST CHINA SCHOOL OF PRECLINICAL AND FORENSIC MEDICINE;SICHUAN UNIVERSITY;CHENGDU 00;CHINA) 2005, 0(4): 0-0.  Abstract ( 1951 )   In the practice of forensic clinical medicine, the inspection of the visual field is one of the essential measurement to evaluate the visual function. The technique of multi-focal visual evoked potentials, as an objective perimetry, can be used to examine the visual field more accurately and more sensitively but less time consuming. Popular investigations on this technique in recent years are summarized in this review. Related Articles | Metrics

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Immunohistochemistry on Myoglobin Renal Lesions in Human Kidney after Extensively Soft Tissues Injury LIU YING-CHUN;ZHU YOU-FA;WANG LI-XIN (. THE CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF JUDICIAL POLICE;BAODING 0000;CHINA;. MEDICAL COLLEGE;ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY;HANGZHOU 00;CHINA;. YUHANG LINPING PEOPLE′S PROCURATORATE;HANGZHOU 00;CHINA) 2005, 0(4): 241-243.  Abstract ( 1858 )   Objective To observe the pathological changes in crush syndrome caused by myoglobin. Methods By using Envision Immunohistochemical staining, myoglobin was detected in the kidney block of 34 autopsy cases, among which 22 cases with extensively injury in muscle and soft tissues before death as experiment group, and other 12 cases without the above histories as control. Results It is showed that in the experiment group, eight cases (8/22) appeared positive staining of myoglobin masses in the cavities of renal and collecting tubules, whose injury time were range from 36 hours to 10 days. While other seven cases showed positive staining in the surface of the cavities and plasm adjacent the edges of distal tubules, collecting tubules and and proximal tibules, whose injury time were early as eight hours. During injury time between 24 and 48 hours, the staining get to the most obvious. On the contrary the control group showed negative. Conclusion Myoglobin significantly lead to crush syndrome renal damage such as the direct lesions done to tubule epithelial, the firmation of myoglobin masses, and the blockage of renal tubules. Myoglobin detection in kidney may play an important role in forensic pathological diagnosis of crush syndrome(CS). Related Articles | Metrics

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Induction of Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1(HIF-1) Following Diffuse Rats Brain Injury SU LI;ZHU XU-YANG;WANG JING-YU;ET AL. (DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;WANNAN MEDICAL COLLEGE;WUHU 00;CHINA) 2005, 0(4): 244-245,248.  Abstract ( 1544 )   Objective To investigate the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) in neurons after diffuse rats brain injury. Methods On the basis of the Mamarou diffuse brain injury model, the rat was killed at different time after diffuse brain injury, then changes of HIF-1α in neurons of cortex, thalamus and pontine were observed by immunohistochemistry and image analysis techniques. Results The quantities of HIF-1α raised in a fluctuating way after brain injury, and its changes were different in different brain areas. Conclusion HIF-1α is a valuable biomarker for diagnosis of diffuse brain injury. Related Articles | Metrics

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Observation on Decomposing Process in a Cadaver CHEN LU-SHI (GUIZHOU POLICE VOCATION COLLEGE;GUIYANG 000;CHINA) 2005, 0(4): 246-248.  Abstract ( 1565 )   Objective To realize the natural performance of cadaver decomposing process, so that to provid basis data for forensic postmortem interval estimation. Methods A cadaver was laid under natural outdoor environment, and the everyday detail process of its decomposition accompanied with corresponding temperature were recorded respectively. Results The material about the changes of the cadaver corrupt and decomposing process were collected. Conclusion Comparative accurate basis for determinating the later postmortem interval was offered. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Quality Evaluated Model for Medicolegal Autopsy in Medical Tangles LIU YAN;ZHU CHUAN-HONG;LIU LIANG;ET AL. (. FACULTY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;TONGJI MEDICAL COLLEGE;HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY;WUHAN 000;CHINA;. DEPARTMENT OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION;WUHAN PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU;WUHAN 00 2005, 0(4): 249-251,254.  Abstract ( 1567 )   Objective To set up a quality evaluating model for forensic autopsy in the medical tangle. Methods 410 cases of forensic autopsy of medical tangles were analysed with principal component analysis through ten key-point variables by SAS 8.1. Results Six key-points that reflect all information were picked out. Based on this, a primary model was established for evaluating and controlling the quality of medicolegal autopsy. Conclusion Principal components that reflect the quality of medicolegal autopsy should be considered for establishing quality management and controlling system. Related Articles | Metrics

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Estimation of Stature and Avoirdupois by Footprint and Fingerprint with Regression Equations LI LI (SHANDONG POLICE COLLEGE;JINAN 00;CHINA) 2005, 0(4): 252-254.  Abstract ( 1416 )   Objective To study the correlation between stature, avoirdupois and the length or width of footmark and fingerprint. Methods 866 people were investigated by measuring the length and width of fingerprints and footprints, as well as stature and avoirdupois. Then all data was input into computer and analyzed by using SPSS 11.0. Results The length of the footprints or fingerprints positively and highly correlate with the stature (P<0.001). Four regression equations were established for estimating the stature by the length of fingerprints and footprints, and other six equations were established for avoirdupois estimation by the width of them. All equations have statistical significant (P<0.001). Conclusion These equations can be used to estimate stature or avoirdupois in some special area. The estimative figure from footprints is more credible than that from fingerprints. The estimated stature according to right hand or foot is more credible, and the estimated avoirdupois according to left hand or foot is more credible. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the Hearing Loss in Medicolegal Expertise with Auditory Combination Tests FAN LI-HUA;YANG XIAO-PING (INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCES;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P. R. CHINA;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA) 2005, 0(4): 255-258,261.  Abstract ( 1471 )   Objective To investigate the application of various objective combinative auditory tests in medicolegal experise. Methods 87 hearing impairment subjects (97 ears) involved in injury cases were divided into two groups according to the types of damage: the head trauma group and the ear trauma group. These subjects accepted various combinative auditory tests with pure tone threshold audiometry (PTA), acoustic impedance audiometry, 40 Hertz Auditory Event-related Potential(40 Hz AERP), Auditory brainstem response test (ABR), Auditory mulit-frequency steady-state responses(ASSR), Distortion product otoacoustic emissions(DPOAEs). Results The good relationships in threshold can be found between 40 Hertz Auditory Event-related Potential (40 Hz AERP ) and Auditory steady-state responses(ASSR) of 40Hz in these subjects from 0.5-2 kHz (r=0.862). The positive rate of DPOAEs was higher in head trauma group than in the ear trauma group (P<0.05). The 40 Hz AERP threshold of language frequency overestimate the ASSR threshold in 26 ears by 17dB. Conclusion The components of the combinative auditory tests complete each other in expertise of hearing impairment. The combinative auditory tests make for determination of the location and cause of the injury, and evaluation of hearing threshold. Related Articles | Metrics

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Applications of MNCV Tests for Medicolegal Expertise of Ulnar Nerve Injury LI KAI;QI HUA-GUANG;CHENG YONG-XIAN;ET AL. (. FORENSIC DEPARTMENT;MEDICAL COLLEGE OF XI′AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY;XI′AN 00;CHINA;. XI′AN RED CROSS HOSPITAL;XI′AN 00;CHINA) 2005, 0(4): 259-261.  Abstract ( 1908 )   Objective To evaluate the value of motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) tests for ulnar nerve injury and correlations between measurements related to MNCV tests and muscle power (MP) for medicolegal expertise. Methods 25 patients with ulnar nerve injury and 25 healthy persons with similar age were studied, and the results of their MNCV between two groups were compared. Main tested index included latency, wave amplitude and MNCV. Their MP (including muscle of hypothenar, first interosseus and flexor carpi ulnaris) were also examined by the same operator. Results Significantly difference was found between two groups. Correlation analysis suggests that MP was correlated with MNCV and wave amplitude in patients group. Conclusion Ulnar nerve injury can be proved by MNCV test, rank of MP loss after ulnar nerve injury also can be predict by this test. Therefore MNCV test is a powerful tool for ulnar nerve injury expertise. Related Articles | Metrics

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Diagnosis and Application of MSCT and Post-processing Images to Fractures in Forensic Identification CHEN XIANG-MIN;WANG ZI-XUAN;XU HAI-BIN;ET AL. (QINGDAO PEOPLE′S HOSPITAL;QINGDAO;00;CHINA) 2005, 0(4): 262-264.  Abstract ( 1495 )   Objective To discuss the diagnosis and application of MSCT and post-processing images to fractures in forensic identification. Methods 366 cases were examined by thin slice scanning with MSCT and diagnosed with MPR, see-through and SSD. The final images were analyzed and classified respectively. Results There were 134 cases of nasal fracture, 98 cases of orbital fracture and 21 cases of cranial fracture were confirmed and classified. 36 cases of rib fracture, 4 cases of scapular fracture, 24 cases of spinal fracture and 27cases of limb or joint fracture were displayed clearly in MSCT images. 18 cases of old fracture were distinguished by See-through etc. Conclusion MSCT and post-processing images might be of practical significance and can provide powerful evidences to forensic identification. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Establishment of Analytic System of DHPLC-mtDNA Control Region Polymorphism SUN HONG-YU;CAI GUI-QING;LU HUI-LIN;ET AL. (DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;SCHOOL OF PRECLINICAL MEDICINE;ZHONGSHAN UNIVERSITY;GUANGZHOU 00;CHINA) 2005, 0(4): 265-270.  Abstract ( 1663 )   Objective To establish a new method for analyzing the polymorphism of mtDNA control region based on DHPLC (denaturing high performance liquid chromatography) without sequencing or hybridizing. Methods The fragment of mtDNA control region (including HVI, HVII and HVIII) was divided into 4 amplicons. Conditions for PCR and DHPLC (including the melt temperature and gradient, etc) were optimized. 100 pairs of mixed samples were analyzed using DHPLC to evaluate the system′s ability to detect different sequences. Results Only 1 elutive peak was obtained for the 10 pairs of samples mixed with identical sequences. More than 2 peaks were captured for the 90 pairs of samples mixed with sequence differences of 1～6 bp, 1 and 2 bases del (/ins), respectively. The capability of detecting different sequence is 100%. The least distinguishable ratio of the heteroplasmic DNAs is 10%. Conclusion The analytic system presented here is rapid, efficient and economic. It is more effective to detect the heteroplasmy than direct sequencing. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application Studies on HLA-A Genotyping by Using Microarray DNA Chip LI CHENG-TAO;LI LI;LIU YAN;ET AL. (INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCES;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R.CHINA;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA) 2005, 0(4): 271-273.  Abstract ( 1459 )   Objective HLA-A locus is genotyped by oligoneucleotide arrays. Methods According to the sequence of HLA-A exon2 and exon3, HLA-A genotyping probes were designed and hybridized with the cyslabeled PCR products on microarrays. The signals were scanned analyzed by scanner and Imagine software. 100 standard samples and 200 unrelated Chinese Han individuals have been genotyped and some of samples have been sequenced. Results The experimental results showed that the HLA-A genotyping method was reliable and sensitive. Twenty alleles of HLA-A antigen were accurately distinguished within 2.5 h. Conclusion The DNA microarray technique for HLA-A genotyping has the characteristic of high-resolution, high-specificity and well-reproducibility which is suitable for forensic identification and clinical application. Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic Polymorphism of 4 Y-STR Loci and the Construction of Standard Allelic Ladder by Technology of Molecular Cloning YUN LI-BING;DENG JIAN-QIANG;ZHANG JI;ET AL. (. WEST CHINA SCHOOL OF PRECLINICAL AND FORENSIC MEDICINE;SICHUAN UNIVERSITY;CHENGDU 00;CHINA;. INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P. R. CHINA;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA) 2005, 0(4): 274-276.  Abstract ( 1649 )   Objective To investigate the genetic polymorphism of four novel short tandem repeats loci of chromosome Y in Chengdu Han population and construct relative standard allelic ladders. Methods Polymorphisms of four STR loci (DYS632,DYS634,DYS642 and DYS643) were analyzed by PCR and PAG electrophoresis. Technology of molecular cloning was employed to construct standard allelic ladder of DYS643 locus and used for DYS643 genotyping. Results DYS632?DYS634?DYS642 and DYS643 are Y chromosome specific and 2,4,3,5 alleles were found respectively. The standard ladder of DYS643 was constructed successfully. Conclusion DYS643 locus is powerful for forensic practice and it′s allelic ladder constructed by technology of molecular cloning is robust for forensic application. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Comparison between two Primers of PCR-STR Typing for Hair Root without Sheath Cells LOU DI-DONG;GUO ZHAO-MING;WANG XU;ET AL. (DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY;WUHAN 000;CHINA) 2005, 0(4): 277-279.  Abstract ( 1535 )   Objective To probe the feasibility of PCR-STR typing of hair root without sheath cells with current and redesigned miniSTR amplicon primers. Methods The DNA of the hair root without sheath cells is amplified by both current and miniSTR amplicon primers and checked by PAGE. Results The correct typing of hair root without sheath cells with MiniSTR amlicon primers and current primers is respectively: D8S1179 11.4%&17.1%;D21S11 3.7%&5.9%; vWA 22.2%&33.3%;THO1 9.3%&5.6%;D16S539 0&9.2%.The ladder-like bands detected in the PCR-STR typing of hair root without sheath cells is strongly disturb the result. Conclusion The DNA typing of hair root without sheath cells can be resolved limitedly with the two primers and Ladders-like bands should also be paid attention to in forensic casework. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the HLA-DRB1 Polymorphism Determined by High-resolution PCR-SBT in a Population of Beijing Region DENG YA-JUN;YANG GUANG;WU DONG-YING;ET AL. (.THE NATIONAL LABORATORY OF THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH FOR FORENSIC SCIENCES;XI′AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY;XI′AN 00;CHINA;.BEIJING GENOMICS INSTITUTE;CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES;BEIJING 000;CHI 2005, 0(4): 280-282,285.  Abstract ( 1885 )   Objective To investigate the polymorphism of HLA-DRB1 gene in a population of Beijing region and research on the application feasibility of HLA-DRB1 by PCR-SBT method. Methods Polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT) method was used to determine HLA-DRB1 genotypes of 494 unrelated healthy people of Beijing region. Results A total of 233 different HLA-DRB1 genetypes and 102 alleles were detected. The observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), polymorphism information content (PIC), probability of matching (Pm); discrimination power (DP) and probability of paternity exclusion (PPE) of HLA-DRB1 in the samples were calculated and their values were 0.921 0,0.934 2, 0.933 3, 0.010 4, 0.989 6,and 0.777 6 respectively. Conclusion HLA-DRB1 typing by PCR-SBT is very useful in forensic science. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Genetic Polymorphisms of D6S2418 Locus in Chinese Han Ethnic, Thai and Germany Populations LIU ZHI-YONG;CHEN GUO-DI;REN GUANG-TIAN;ET AL. (. WEST CHINA SCHOOL OF PRECLINICAL AND FORENSIC MEDICINE;SICHUAN UNIVERSITY;CHENGDU 00;CHINA;. CENTER OF FORENSIC SCIENCES;PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU OF YANTIAN DISTRICT;SHENZHEN 0;CHINA) 2005, 0(4): 283-285.  Abstract ( 1757 )   Objective To obtain the genetic data on STR locus D6S2418,and analyzed its genetic polymorphism in 3 different races (Han,Thai and Germany). Methods The blood samples from 300 unrelated individuals were analyzed by PCR,PAG electrophoresis and silver staining. Results 9 alleles and 31 genotypes were observed.The observed heterozygosity and the discrimination power were 64%-81% and 84.2%-93.5%,respectively.The genotype distributions of D6S2418 locus in 3 populations were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and the difference of allelic frequency distributions among 3 populations was obvious. Conclusion The methods founded are easy to perform and sensitive. The discrimination power and exclusion chances of this locus are desirable for forensic analysis and application. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of Affecting Factors of Mental Disorder Offender′s Competency to Stand Trial YANG BO;ZHANG WEI;HUO KE-JUN;ET AL. (CHENGDU PUBLIC SECURITY;CHENGDU 000;CHINA) 2005, 0(4): 286-289.  Abstract ( 1536 )   Objective To explore the affecting factors of mental disorder offender′s competency to stand trial. Methods Assess 170 pre-trial criminal suspect or defendants′ competency to stand trial in the department of Forensic Psychiatry Forensic Medicine College Sichuan University, scale their psychological symptoms with BPRS and PANSS, collect their demographic and criminal data, then explore the affecting factors of the mental disorder offender′s competency to stand trial by means of analyzing these data using statistics description, t-test, chi-square test, rank-sum test and logistic regression analysis. Results Thinking disorder factor and active factor of BPRS and P value of PANSS affect the competency to stand trial significantly; in the incompetent to stand trial (IST) group, pearson′s ratio, pathological and unclear motivation′s ratio, schizophrenia diagnose ratio are all higher than those in the competent to stand trial (CST) group; the VIQ scores of the IST group is lower than that of the CST group, and all the deference have statistics significance. Conclusion Thinking disorder factor and active factor of BPRS, P value of PANSS, VIQ, mental disorder diagnose, mental disorder and violent behavior history, criminal motivation may affect his/her competency to stand trial obviously. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Ketamine in Hair XIANG PING;SHEN MIN;SHEN BAO-HUA;ET AL. (.SHANGHAI MEDICAL COLLEGE;FUDAN UNIVERSITY;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA;. INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCES;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R.CHINA;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA) 2005, 0(4): 290-293.  Abstract ( 1720 )   Objective A rapid and sensitive method was developed for the simultaneous identification and quantitation of ketamine and its two major metabolites , norketamine(NK) and dehydronorketamine(DHNK) in hair. The characteristics of K incorporation into the hair was elucidated. Methods Cavies were administrated intraperitoneally according to high, medium and low doses and hair segments with different colors were shaved. Human hair samples were collected from K abusers in the entertainment places. After decontamination, incubated and extracted, drugs were analyzed by GC/MS-SIM. Results There was an obvious correlation between the concentration of ketamine in experimental cavy hair and the dosege. The concentration of ketamine in hair increased with the melanin amount in hair in the order of white, brown and black. DHNK was only detected in high dose cavy hair; the ratio of ketamine to NK was between 2.33 to 12.94. Ketamine and NK were present in all the black hair samples, but DHNK was not detected. The concentration of metabolites in cavy hair was significantly higher than that of human. Conclusion Our results suggest that there is a close correlation between the affinity of drug to melanin in hair and the lipophilicity of the drug. However, there is a difference in drug metabolism and the difficulty in drug incorporating into hair between human and animal. This method can be used in the analysis of ketamine in hair in forensic toxicology. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishing Forensic Metabolomic Databank: A new Promising Strategy for Forensic Practice DENG JIAN-QIANG;CHEN YI-JIU;YAN FENG-PING (INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCES;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R.CHINA;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA) 2005, 0(4): 314-317.  Abstract ( 1460 )   After DNA analysis technology was broadly used in forensic practice, a revolutionary development has been taken place in forensic science. Recently, the theory and technology of metabolome have been put forward and accepted extensively. Based on its incomparable advantages, we belive that it brought a new promising strategy to forensic science, and we also conceive to establish forensic metabolomic databank. All the details were discussed in this paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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Reviews of the Homicide-suicide ZHANG QIN-TING;HUO KE-JUN (.INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCES;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R.CHINA;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA;. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC PSYCHITRY;WEST CHINA SCHOOL OF PRECLINICAL AND FORENSIC MEDICINE;SICHUAN UNIVERSITY;CHENGDU 00 CHINA)) 2005, 0(4): 320-S3.  Abstract ( 1450 )   Although the occurrence of homicide-suicide was low, it often resulted in casualty of the family member, even the annihilation of the family. At the same time, it related to morbidity, family violence and serious social damage. By means of reviewed the related studies, the author firstly introduced the notion development and occurrence of the homicide-suicide briefly, then introduced it′s criminological character, type and relationship with the mental disorders, in the end combining the forensic psychiatric practice, the author put forward the researching way of the cases. [ Related Articles | Metrics