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28 December 2011, Volume 27 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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The Expression of GABAA Receptor α1 and GABAB Receptor 1 in Medulla Oblongata Solitary Nucleus and Ambiguous Nucleus in the Cases of Tramadol Intoxication ZHANG SHU, GUAN DA-WEI, WANG LING, ET AL 2011, 27(6): 401-404.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.06.001 Abstract ( 2083 )   Objective To observe the expression of GABAA receptor α1 （GABAAα1） and GABAB receptor 1 （GABAB1） in human medulla oblongata solitary nucleus and ambiguous nucleus due to tramadol-induced death. Methods GABAAα1 and GABAB1 were detected by immunohistochemical SP method in tramadol-induced death group and control group. All results were evaluated by images analysis system. Results Low expression of GABAAα1 and GABAB1 were detected in solitary nucleus and ambiguous nucleus in the control brain tissue. In cases of tramadol-induced death, the expression of GABAAα1 and GABAB1 significantly increased. Conclusion The mechanism of tramadol intoxication death could be caused by respiratory depression induced by over-expression of GABAAα1 and GABAB1 in medulla oblongata solitary nucleus and ambiguous nucleus. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Ketamine on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Pheochromocytoma Cell ZUO YUAN-YI, ZHAO YAN-BO, JIANG XIAO-GANG, ET AL 2011, 27(6): 405-408,412.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.06.002 Abstract ( 1652 )   Objective To explore the effect of ketamine on adrenal pheochromocytoma（PC12） cell proliferation inhibition and induction of apoptosis and its mechanism. Methods PC12 cells of rats were models for dopaminergic neuron. PC12 cells were cultured with ketamine at concentrations of 0.9, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8 and 2.1 mmol/L, respectively. The cell viability was measured by MTT method after incubation at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. Hoechst stain was used to observe the morphological changes of apoptosis. PC12 cells cultured after 48 h with different concentrations of ketamine were selected to detect apoptotic rate using flow cytometry and detect the expression of bax and bcl-2 proteins using Western blotting. Results For different concentrations of ketamine, vitality of PC12 cells significantly decreased with increase of the incubation time. Apoptosis was obviously observed using Hoechst staining. Flow cytometry showed that apoptosis rates significantly increased with increasing ketamine concentrations. Conclusion Ketamine can inhibit the proliferation of PC12 cell by inducing apoptosis of the PC12 cell in a concentrations-dependent manner. The underlying mechanism may be related to promoting the expression of bax and inhibiting the expression of bcl-2 in the cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Homer Protein Expression after Focal Brain Contusion in Rats WANG FU-YUAN, LI RU-BO, LIANG HONG-XIA, ET AL 2011, 27(6): 409-412.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.06.003 Abstract ( 1762 )   Objective To investigate Homer protein expression after focal brain contusion and explore the relationship between expression and injury time. Methods Focal brain contusion in rats was established and Homer protein expression in brain at different injury intervals after contusion was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results A small amount of Homer positive expression cells were detected in control group, sham operated group and experimental group （0.5 h after contusion）. The amount of Homer positive expression cells increased after 3 h and reached peak 12 h after contusion. The amount of positive cells continued to decrease 1 d after contusion and to the base level 7 d after contusion. Homer protein expression based on immunohistochemistry and Western blotting had statistical difference among adjacent groups. Conclusion Expression of Homer protein near the focal contusion area shows time dependence after brain contusion in rats. Related Articles | Metrics

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Identifying Malingering Symptoms of Balance Disorders by Computerized Dynamic Posturography ZHOU XIAO-RONG, FAN LI-HUA, YANG XIAO-PING 2011, 27(6): 413-416,420.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.06.004 Abstract ( 1705 )   Objective To develop an objective criteria with computerized dynamic posturography (CDP) for identification of non-organic or malingering symptoms of balance disorders. Methods One hundred and four normal subjects were instructed to feign balance disturbance after naturally performing on CDP. Paired t-test was used to determine if there was significant difference of CDP equilibrium scores between normal and malingering performance. The CDP records including raw curve of 50 subjects were critically evaluated by previously published seven criteria in indicating malingering performance. If the sensitivity of a criterion was greater than 90%, it would be accepted as our laboratory’s identifying criterion. The CDP records of remaining 54 subjects were used to test the sensitivity and specificity of the accepted criteria. Results There were statistically significant differences of CDP equilibrium scores between normal and malingering performance（P<0.01）. The mean equilibrium scores of malingering performance were lower than that of normal performance. The sensitivity and specificity of our criteria for identifying malingerers were 92.5% and 98.2%, respectively. Conclusion It is necessary to identify malingering performance before analyzing the CDP equilibrium scores. Our identifying criteria of malingerers seems to be quite useful and accurate. Related Articles | Metrics

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Skeletal Age Estimation of Sternal End of Clavicle in Sichuan Han Nationality Youth Using Thin-section Computed Tomography ZHAO HUAN, DONG XIAO-AI, ZHENG TAO, ET AL 2011, 27(6): 417-420.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.06.005 Abstract ( 1727 )   Objective To explore the growth status of epiphysis of sternal end of clavicle using thin-section computed tomography（CT） and to study the relationship between the status and the chronological age of Sichuan Han nationality youth. Methods According to the Schmeling’s report and the age range of our samples, the ossification status of medial clavicle epiphysis was classified as four stages. CT films of 565 patients between 15 and 25 years were studied based on the classification and analyzed statistically. Results There was no statistical difference between the sexes（P>0.05）. The calculated empiric distribution function showed that 100% of stage 1 patients were under 18 years, 75% of stage 2 patients were under 18 years, 94.5% of stage 3 patients were over 18 years, and 100% of the stage 4 patients were over 20 years, respectively. Conclusion The ossification of medial epiphysis of the clavicle for those around 18 years has certain regular. These characteristics can be used for forensic identification of the skeletal age, especially 18 years, which is the criminal responsibility age. Related Articles | Metrics

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Calculation of the Avuncular Index LU HUI-LING, SUN HONG-YU, OU XUE-LING, ET AL 2011, 27(6): 421-424.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.06.006 Abstract ( 2119 )   Objective To introduce the method of avuncular index（AI） calculation. Methods Identity by decent coefficient, coancestry coefficient and AI law were employed in identification of uncle-niece relationship, when autosomal STR loci were detected to determine controversial uncle-niece relationship. Results The results of AI calculation were coincidental using identity by descent coefficien, coancestry coefficient and AI law. Conclusion The results are coincidental using three methods in the different situations. AI index is higher with participation of children’s mother. Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of 24 Elements in Human Hair by ICP-MS Using Microwave Digestion ZHANG DAN, ZHUO XIAN-YI 2011, 27(6): 425-429,433.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.06.007 Abstract ( 2305 )   Objective To establish an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry（ICP-MS） method for determination of 24 elements in human hair. Methods The samples were digested with microwave digestion instrument. ICP-MS was applied to determine 24 elements in human hair using indium（115In） as an internal standard. The established method was applied to determine element concentration in normal group（56 samples） and heroin abuse group（10 samples）. Results The limits of detection ranged from 0.000 3 μg/g to 10.14 μg/g. Measured value of the standard materials were basically consistent with the standard value. The contents of magnesium, gallium and barium in hair of heroin addicts decreased after rehabilitation treatment. Conclusion The method is sensitive and accurate for determination of 24 elements in human hair. Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of Propofol in Human Blood by GC-MS SUN YING-YING, XIANG PING, LIU WEI, ET AL 2011, 27(6): 430-433.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.06.008 Abstract ( 2007 )   Objective To establish a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） method for determination of propofol in human blood. Methods Propofol and 2-（tert-Butyl）-4,6-dimethylphenol（internal standard） were isolated from human blood samples with liquid-liquid ether extraction. The organic layer was collected after centrifugation and dried using the water bath. The extracted residue was analyzed by GC-MS. Results Propofol and the internal standard showed a good separation with a good linear concentration ranged from 0.02 to 10 μg/mL in blood. The linear function was y=0.313 6 x-0.006 8 with the correlation coefficient of 0.999 7. The precision of intra-day and inter-day were less than 4.8% and the lower limit of detection of propofol was 0.005 μg/mL. Propofol concentration of blood was 0.14 μg/mL using this method in the practice work. Conclusion The GC-MS method is rapid, sensitive, reliable and suitable for qualitative and quantitative analysis propofol of blood in forensic toxicological analysis and clinical drug monitoring. Related Articles | Metrics

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Pathological Characteristics of Sudden Death Caused by Coronary Thrombosis ZHAO XIAO-JIE, YANG LING-YUN, YANG YU-JIE, ET AL 2011, 27(6): 434-437.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.06.009 Abstract ( 1690 )   Objective To explore medico-legal characteristics of sudden death caused by coronary heart disease combined with coronary thrombosis. Methods Ninety-six cases of sudden death caused by coronary heart disease were collected and divided into two groups： thrombus positive and thrombus negative groups. The time onset, induction and pathological features of coronary artery disease were analyzed. Results Two groups showed man-dominant population. There were no statistical significant differences in season, circadian rhythm and induction factor. The thrombus positive group（age<40） showed a higher disease incidence. Heart weight and degree of coronary stenosis were lower in thrombus positive group. However, there was no statistical difference in the number of atherosclerotic coronary arteries（≥2）, the length of coronary lesions and myocardial infarct. But thrombosis positive group showed lower tendency. Conclusion Two groups are man-dominant population and similar induction factor, lesion position, mechanism of death. But thrombus positive group appeared more in a younger population and the degree of coronary stenosis is milder than thrombus negative group. Forensic pathologists should pay more attention to these characteristics in death investigation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Forensic Clinical Analysis on 25 Cases of Traumatic Cerebral Infarction ZHANG WU, HU YONG-LIANG 2011, 27(6): 438-440.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.06.010 Abstract ( 1643 )   Objective To investigate characteristics of forensic clinical identification on traumatic cerebral infarction（TCI）． Methods Twenty-five cases of TCI were analyzed retrospectively, including the general situation, location of infarction and clinical feature. Results TCI occurred primarily in children and elderly. All the cases had definite cerebral trauma which was located mainly in the regions of basal ganglia-internal capsule, frontal, temporal and parietal cerebral cortex. Conclusion The consequence of TCI has direct correlation with location of cerebral infarction. More attention should be paid to this issue in forensic practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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DNA Extraction from Decomposed Tissue by Double-digest and Magnetic Beads Methods YANG DIAN, LIU CHAO, LIU HONG 2011, 27(6): 441-443.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.06.011 Abstract ( 1622 )   Objective To study the effect of the double-digest and magnetic beads method for DNA extraction from 3 types of decomposed tissues. Methods DNA of cartilages, nails and joint capsule in 91 highly decomposed corpses which had not been extracted by common magnetic beads method, were prepared with the double-digest and magnetic beads methods, and quantified with QuantifilerTM kit, followed by amplification with SinofilerTM kit or MinifilerTM kit. Results DNA concentration extracted from the 91 highly decomposed cartilages, nails and joint capsule samples was 0-0.225 ng/μL. Sixty-two samples whose DNA concentration were more than 0.020 ng/μL had obtained 9 or more STR loci successfully. The detection rate was 68.13%. Conclusion The successful rate of STR genotyping for the 3 types of decomposed tissues can be significantly improved by the double-digest and magnetic beads methods. Related Articles | Metrics

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Rapid DNA Identification Using 6+1 STR Kit and EX-Q20 Electrophoresis PING YUAN, ZHOU HUAI-GU, XU YAN, ET AL 2011, 27(6): 444-446.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.06.012 Abstract ( 1906 )   Objective To establish a rapid STR genotyping method for individual identification. Methods Two hundred blood samples from FTA were collected. Equal amount of blood were collected by puncher and analyzed using two methods （6+1 STR kit in combination with EX-Q20 electrophoresis and SinofilerTM kit in combination with POP4 electrophoresis）. Consuming time and results of two methods were compared. Results 6+1 STR kit in combination with EX-Q20 electrophoresis method can obtain all genotyping results and be shorter time. Conclusion 6+1 STR kit in combination with EX-Q20 electrophoresis method is used to STR genotyping with accurate, reliable results and this new method is potential value in mass personnel investigation and comparison in major criminal cases. It also can raise the work efficiency. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Advancement of FTIR-MSP Mapping and Application Value in Forensic Science HUANG PING, LI SHI-YING, LI ZHENG-DONG, ET AL 2011, 27(6): 447-450.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.06.013 Abstract ( 1742 )   Fourier transformation infrared microspectroscopy（FTIR-MSP） mapping technique can collect the infrared information from micro-samples and scan the tissue slides and cells. The infrared spectral information of pixels from the collected regions is recorded and infrared spectral maps are constructed by computer software. The 2D and 3D mapping images are reflected based on the distributions of absorbance bands. The biochemical compositions, molecular distribution, metabolic changes of tissues and cells are analyzed by the technique due to infrared spectroscopy being sensitive to biomolecules. The article reviews the recent research of FTIR-MSP mapping and explores the future potential value in forensic science practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Applications of DNA Identification Technology in Protection of Wild Animals NI PING-YA, PEI LI, GE WEN-DONG, ET AL 2011, 27(6): 451-454,459.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.06.014 Abstract ( 1756 )   With the development of biotechnology, forensic DNA identification technology in protection of wild animals has been used more and more widely. This review introduces the global status of wildlife crime and the relevant protection to wildlife, outlines the practical applications of forensic DNA identification technology with regard to species identification, determination of geographic origin, individual identification and paternity identification. It focus on the techniques commonly used in DNA typing and their merits and demerits, as well as the problems and prospects of forensic DNA technology for wildlife conservation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and Progress of RNA in Forensic Science GAO LIN-LIN, LI YOU-YING, YAN JIANG-WEI, ET AL 2011, 27(6): 455-459.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2011.06.015 Abstract ( 1763 )   With the development of molecular biology, the evidences of genetics has been used widely in forensic sciences. DNA technology has played an important role in individual identification and paternity testing, RNA technology is showing more and more wide application in prospect. This article reviews the application and progress of RNA in forensic science including estimation of postmortem interval, bloodstain age, wound age, as well as determination of cause of death and the source of body fluids. Related Articles | Metrics