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28 October 2014, Volume 30 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Coronary Angiography of in vitro Porcine Heart Using MSCT WAN LEI, TE LAI-TI-·SAI-YI-TI, WEI , HUA , ET AL. 2014, 30(5): 321-324.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.05.001 Abstract ( 938 )   Objective To establish standardized methods and parameters of the isolated heart coronary angiography through the experiment of in vitro porcine heart by MSCT. Methods Based on different perfusion volume （50, 60 and 70 mL） and different perfusion-imaging time （5, 10 and 20 min）, the in vitro porcine coronary artery was injected liposoluble and water-soluble contrast agents using remodel angiography equipment and scanned by MSCT. And the 3D image results were compared. The images were recorded and evaluated by 2 radiologists and analyzed by statistical software. Results Liposoluble contrast agent affected the images by damaging and infiltrating the fats around the coronary artery, while the water-soluble contrast agent didn’t affect the images. The groups with 60 mL or 70 mL perfusion and 5 min perfusion-imaging time had the best images. Conclusion The suitable parameters of the angiography lay the foundation of postmortem coronary angiography. Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of Acute Alcohol Poisoning and Craniocerebral Trauma in the Mechanism of Death Caused by Subarachnoid Hemorrhage TANG YI-KUN, SHI MENG, 欧GUI-SHENG , ET AL. 2014, 30(5): 325-328.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.05.002 Abstract ( 985 )   Objective To investigate the relation between the expression of tPA, MMP-2, MMP-9 and AEG-1 in the human brain tissue and the ethanol concentration under the acute alcohol poison, and to analyze the role of alcohol and trauma in the mechanism of death of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methods Fifteen real cases were collected in this study. The brain tissues were researched by histological examination and the concentration of ethanol in heart blood were detected. The tPA, MMP-2, MMP-9 and AEG-1 in brainstem, brain and cerebellum were observed respectively by immunohistochemistry. Results In alcohol poisoning groups with or without trauma, the acute alcohol toxicity resulted in the swelling of brain tissues. The tPA, MMP-2, MMP-9 and AEG-1 of brainstem, brain and cerebellum showed high expression in alcohol victims, and the tPA in cerebellum showed no difference. The expression of the MMP-2, MMP-9 and AEG-1 showed good relation with the ethanol concentration in blood （P<0.05, r>0.6）. Conclusion The expressions of tPA, MMP-2, MMP-9 and AEG-1 are significant higher in alcohol victims, and expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and AEG-1 have positive correlation with the alcohol concentration. The alcohol has acute toxicity to brain cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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1H-MRS Study on the Metabolites of First Dorsal Interossei WU-YI-HUI, YANG BO, WANG TAO, ET AL. 2014, 30(5): 329-331.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.05.003 Abstract ( 929 )   Objective To estimate the application of prognosis evaluation of ulnar nerve injury by 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy （1H-MRS）. Methods The metabolites of first dorsal interossei （FDI） of two hands from 12 healthy volunteers and 1 volunteer with complete ulnar nerve injury were detected by 1H-MRS and the data were statistically analyzed. Results For the FDI of healthy adults, the female peaks area of extra-myocellular lipids （EMCL） was higher than the male （P<0.05）; There was no significant difference in Cho, Cr and intra-myocellular lipids （IMCL） between male and female （P>0.05）; There was no significant difference in all the peaks area between the left and right hand （P>0.05）. The EMCL peak of the injury side was higher than that of the healthy side, and the area of FDI was reduced in the volunteer with ulnar nerve injury. Conclusion Noninvasive and quantitative detection of 1H-MRS may be valuable for prognosis evaluation of peripheral nerve injury. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of miniSTR Fluorescent Detection System and Its Forensic Application LIU YAN, LI LI, ZHAO ZHEN-MIN 2014, 30(5): 332-336.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.05.004 Abstract ( 970 )   Objective To establish miniSTR fluorescent detection system with all detected fragments below 150 bp and to enhance the efficiency of detecting the degraded DNA samples. Methods All candidate primers were designed by Primer Premier 5 and screened by FastPCR 6.0. The miniSTR multiplex system was established by these selected loci labeling by four fluorescent dye. The parameters of PCR and primer concentrations were subsequently optimized. The electrophoresis was fulfilled under POP4 on 3100-Avant and the typing data was validated by standard DNA 9947A and 007. Fresh blood samples and difficult degraded DNA samples were tested to evaluate the usefulness of the system. Results All amplicons in the established miniSTR fluorescent detection system （D12ATA63, D2S1776, D1GATA113, D4S2408, D17S974, D20S482, D3S3053, Amelogenin, D6S474, D9S1122） were less than 150 bp. The profile showed a balanced peak height without extra stutter by optimal protocol. Allele frequencies showed no deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The system showed accumulated probability of discrimination 0.999 999 983 and accumulated triplet excluding probability of paternity 0.996 8. It could detect corrupt muscle tissue, low copy number DNA samples and human tissues fixed by 40% formaldehyde solution for 12 days. Conclusion The miniSTR fluorescent detection system could be solely used for personal identification of degraded DNA samples or complementally used for paternity tests. And the system could enhance the ability of detecting the trace and degraded DNA. Related Articles | Metrics

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Forensic Application of 30 InDel Loci in Han and She Nationalities of Eastern China HU ZHEN, WANG ZHENG, ZHANG SU-HUA, ET AL. 2014, 30(5): 337-341.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.05.005 Abstract ( 1230 )   Objective To evaluate the forensic application value of 30 insertion/deletion （InDel） loci included in Investigator® DIPplex Kit in Han and She nationalities of Eastern China. Methods A total of 565 unrelated individuals in Han nationality and 119 ones in She nationality of Eastern China were investigated using Investigator?誖DIPplex Kit. Allele frequencies, population genetics parameters of the 30 InDel loci were statistically calculated. Results In Han nationality, the mean Ho was 0.413 3, the mean DP was 0.551 1, the mean PIC was 0.320 0. And in She nationality, the mean Ho was 0.389 6, the mean DP was 0.543 3, the mean PIC was 0.310 0. No deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed in Han and She nationalities （P>0.05）. Conclusion The 30 loci in Investigator?誖DIPplex Kit show good genetic diversity in Han and She nationalities, and could be used as a supplemental tool for some special paternity cases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Species Identification and Absolute Quantification of Biological Samples by Droplet Digital PCR HU WEI, CHEN RONG-HUA, ZHANG CHEN, ET AL. 2014, 30(5): 342-345.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.05.006 Abstract ( 1055 )   Objective To test droplet digital PCR for species identification and absolute quantification of biological sample. Methods Specific primers and probes for human mtDNA encoding gene ND4 and 16S rRNA were designed, and the species-specificity was assessed on DNA samples derived from human and common animals. To determine the sensitivity and stability of droplet digital PCR for species identification and absolute quantification, gradient dilution series of recombinant plasmid and 16 human DNA samples were analyzed. Results Human recombinant plasmid FAM （ND4） could be used in detecting the samples of human. And the results of detecting were consistent with all levels of diluted concentrations. Droplet digital PCR was able to detect low and single copy of target DNA. Conclusion Droplet digital PCR, with high sensitivity and specificity, is fully amenable for species identification and absolute quantification of biological samples, also it can be applied on routine forensic examination. Related Articles | Metrics

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DNA Aptamer Selection in vitro for Determining Ketamine by FluMag-SELEX SUN MEI-QI, CAO FANG-QI, HU XIAO-LONG, ET AL. 2014, 30(5): 346-349.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.05.007 Abstract ( 1398 )   Objective To select specific DNA aptamer for determining ketamine by FluMag-SELEX. Methods Based on magnetic beads with tosyl surface modification as solid carrier and ketamine as target, a random ssDNA library with total length of 78 bp in vitro was compounded. After 13 rounds screening, DNA cloning and sequencing were done. Primary and secondary structures were analyzed. The affinity, specificity and Kd values of selected aptamer were measured by monitoring the fluorescence intensity. Results Two ssDNA aptamers （Apt#4 and Apt#8） were successfully selected with high and specific abilities to bind ketamine as target with Kd value of 0.59 and 0.66 μmol/L. The prediction of secondary structure was main stem-loop and G-tetramer. The stem was the basis of stability of aptamer’s structure. And loop and G-tetramer was the key of specific binding of ketamine. Conclusion FluMag-SELEX can greatly improve the selection efficiency of the aptamer, obtain the ketamine-binding DNA aptamer, and develop a new method for rapid detection of ketamine. Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact Injuries of Pedestrians: 90 Cases Study SHEN WEN-JUN, ZHENG WEI-MIN 2014, 30(5): 350-351.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.05.008 Abstract ( 1210 )   Objective To explore the relationship between pedestrian traffic accidents and the type of vehicles and summarize the characteristics. Methods Ninety cases of pedestrian traffic accidents were reviewed, and the relationship between the types of vehicles and the injuries （site, feature and severity） were analyzed. Results Different impact injuries were caused by different types of vehicles. The primary sites of the impact injuries depended on the body posture and the height of protruding parts of the front when the accident happened. The injury characteristics were related to the size, direction of acting force and contact surface. Conclusion The analysis of position, feature, and severity of pedestrian injury can determine the type of injury vehicle. Related Articles | Metrics

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Poisoning by Exhaust Gas of the Imperfect Combustion of Natural Gas: 22 Cases Study DONG LI-MIN, ZHAO HAI, ZHANG MING-CHANG, ET AL. 2014, 30(5): 352-354.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.05.009 Abstract ( 1097 )   Related Articles | Metrics

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Medical Legal Dispute in Hospitals of Different Grades: A Retrospective Study on 206 Cases LI KAI, MUHETEBAIER·MUHETAER , WANG JIAN-WEN, ET AL. 2014, 30(5): 355-356.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.05.010 Abstract ( 896 )   Objective To analyze the characteristics of medical malpractice from different grades of hospitals and to explore forensic investigation strategies in assessing medical dispute. Methods A total of 206 cases of medical dispute from 2009 to 2010 investigated by the Department of Forensic Medicine in Nanjing Medical University were selected and analyzed according to fault incidence, fault-prone part, and degree of causality in the treatment. Results Among the 206 cases analyzed, tertiary hospitals, secondary hospitals and primary hospitals showed medium, high and low error rate, respectively. A majority of medical malpractice cases were distributed in the departments of surgery, medicine and gynecology. Conclusion The frequency and severity of medical malpractice in primary hospitals were high, which were gradually reduced in tertiary and secondary hospitals. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of 130 Forensic Expertise Cases of Simple Orbital Fracture HUANG WEI, ZHU CHENG-REN, HUANG HONG, DENG 2014, 30(5): 357-359.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.05.011 Abstract ( 879 )   Objective To analyze the features of orbital fracture and to discuss its forensic expertise points. Methods One hundred and thirty cases of simple orbital fracture from 2010 to 2012 collected from one public security bureau were retrospectively analyzed such as age, gender, tools, position and morphology of the fracture, periorbital and orbital compound injury and the follow-up results after 6 months. Results In the 130 cases, the wounded were mainly young men and hit by fist. The fracture of simple medial orbital wall accounted for up to 81.5% in all cases. In the periorbital and orbital compound injury, laceration and contusion of eyelid and ethmoidal cellules and maxillary sinus always occurred. After 6 months follow-up, there were 30 cases of comminuted fracture remained enophthalmos compared with the uninjured side. Conclusion It is inappropriate to judge the fracture of simple medial orbital wall as minor injury. We should judge the degree of simple orbital fracture after the injury is stable. Detailed ophthalmology inspection is necessary for forensic expertise of simple orbital fracture. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Development and Application of Virtopsy CHEN YI-JIU 2014, 30(5): 360-366.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.05.012 Abstract ( 1089 )   Autopsy represents traditional and classical examination in forensic medicine. It was suggested that conventional autopsy, nowadays sometimes rejected or not tolerated by people for its damage to corpse. Virtopsy offers a non-invasive investigation approach and can also reflect fracture, soft-tissue injury, wound track, organ trauma objectively and accurately. Thus, virtopsy can provide visual and powerful evidence for forensic pathological practice. This article mainly synthesizes the latest literature at home and abroad and reviews application of virtopsy in forensic trauma identification, mechanical asphyxia, drowning, hypothermia and hyperpothermia, disease diagnosis and research of finite element method applicated in trauma investigation to illustrate this new direction of forensic research. Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening and Identification of Forensic Molecular Markers of Injury Using MALDI-TOF-MS Imaging Mass Spectrometry LIU NING-GUO, CHEN YI-JIU 2014, 30(5): 367-370.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.05.013 Abstract ( 1144 )   There are many deficiencies in forensic traumatic molecular markers detected by the techniques of traditional immunohistology and molecular biology, because these markers are isolated and obscure of the mechanism of interaction. The imaging mass spectrometry （IMS） is more suitable for the forensic molecular markers using function of screening, analysis and graphical representation. In this paper, the techniques and the latest research in screening and identification of typical molecular markers by IMS based on matrix-assisted laser adsorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF-MS） are reviewed. And its application values in forensic injury are discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on the Phenotype Informative SNP in Forensic Science LIU YU-XUAN, HU QING-QING, MA HONG-DU, ET AL. 2014, 30(5): 371-374.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.05.014 Abstract ( 2201 )   Single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） refers to the single base sequence variation in specific location of the human genome. Phenotype informative SNP has gradually become one of the research hot spots in forensic science. In this paper, the forensic research situation and application prospect of phenotype informative SNP in the characteristics of hair, eye and skin color, height, and facial feature are reviewed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Sudden Death due to Brainstem Leukemic Hemorrhage: A Case Report WANG ZHI-JUN, WANG WAN-LI, CHEN SI-HU, ET AL. 2014, 30(5): 391-393.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.05.021 Abstract ( 919 )   Related Articles | Metrics