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28 December 2014, Volume 30 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Expression of EIIIA+ Fibronectin in Incised Wound of Rat’s Skin HE MENG, ZHAO HAI, SHEN YI-WEN, ET AL. 2014, 30(6): 409-412.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.06.001 Abstract ( 914 )   Objective To explore the relationship between the expression of EIIIA+ fibronectin in incised wound of rat’s skin and injury time. Methods The wounding model was established by cutting the dorsal skin of 48 adult SD rats. The rats were sacrificed at the pre-set injury time as immediately, 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 6 h, and 8 h. The skin samples were taken at the margin of wound. The expression of the EIIIA+ fibronectin was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting and the relationship between its expression and injury time was observed. Results The expression of EIIIA+ fibronectin was not observed immediately. The basal cell of skin began to show positive expression 0.5 h after injury. With the extension of injury time, positive staining became stronger. The value of relative optical density was gradually increased with prolonged injury time by the Western blotting analysis. Conclusion The expression of EIIIA+ fibronectin could be used for estimation of injury time in the early stage of skin injury. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 and Its Receptor in Sudden Coronary Death KUANG YUAN-YUAN, CHEN XIA-XIA, WANG CANG-CHENG, ET AL. 2014, 30(6): 413-415.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.06.002 Abstract ( 947 )   Objective To investigate the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 （MCP-1） and its receptor CC chemokine receptor-2 （CCR-2） in coronary atherosclerosis plaques between sudden coronary death （SCD） and non-SCD. Methods The expression levels of MCP-1 and CCR-2 in SCD group, coronary atherosclerosis group （non-SCD）, control group （normal coronary artery） were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Positive rates of MCP-1 among the three groups were 78%, 47%, and 0%, respectively, with significant expressing differences between each two groups （P＜0.05）. Positive rates of CCR-2 among three groups were 72%, 47%, and 0%, respectively, with significant expressing differences between the SCD group and coronary atherosclerosis group as well as between the SCD group and control group （P<0.05）, but with no significant expressing difference between coronary atherosclerosis group and control group （P>0.05）. Conclusion Overexpression of MCP-1 and CCR-2 in coronary atherosclerotic plaques is closely correlated with SCD. Related Articles | Metrics

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Diagnosis of Amniotic Fluid Embolism with Blood Samples by Liquid-based Cytology Technique LIU BAO-QIN, DENG JIAN-QIANG, HOU AN-CHAO, ET AL. 2014, 30(6): 416-418.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.06.003 Abstract ( 1010 )   Objective To establish the diagnosis of amniotic fluid embolism with blood samples by liquid-based cytology technique and to study the validity of method. Methods The blood samples were collected from patients who suffered from amniotic fluid embolism. The components of amniotic fluid in blood samples were examined with blood smear by two direct smear methods （supernatant smear, sediment smear） and two liquid-based cytology methods （automatic smear, manual smear）. The positive detection rate of each method was calculated. Results The positive detection rates of two liquid-based cytology methods （84.6% and 92.3%, respectively） were much higher than those of two direct methods （53.8% and 61.5%, respectively）. Conclusion The liquid-based cytology technique could improve the positive detection rate of amniotic fluid embolism. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between Age and General Morphology of Transverse Section of Cartilago Costalis XIAO BI, SHI QUN, MA KAI-JUN, ET AL. 2014, 30(6): 419-421.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.06.004 Abstract ( 1341 )   Objective To study the correlation between age and general morphology of transverse section of cartilago costalis and its forensic significance. Methods Eighty-six corpses’ cartilago costalis from the routine postmortem examination were collected and the morphological features of their transverse section were observed. Results With the increased age, there were regular changes in the color, structure, and material of the general morphology of transverse section of cartilago costalis. But the changes were not affected by gender. Conclusion The good correlation between general morphology of transverse section of cartilago costalis and age can be used to estimate age of the deceased rapidly. Related Articles | Metrics

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Automated Assessment of Developmental Levels of Epiphysis by Support Vector Machine WANG YA-HUI, WANG ZI-SHEN, WEI HUA, ET AL. 2014, 30(6): 422-426.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.06.005 Abstract ( 1029 )   Objective To realize the automated assessment of the levels of epiphysis of distal radius and ulna by support vector machine （SVM）. Methods The X-ray films of the left wrist joints were taken from 140 teenagers aged from 11 to 19 years old as training samples. The levels of epiphysis of distal radius and ulna were divided into five developmental levels. Each level contained 28 samples. Another 35 cases were selected as independent verifying samples. SVM classification models of the five developmental levels of epiphysis of distal radius and ulna were established. The internal cross validation was made by leave one out cross validation （LOOCV）, while the external validation was made by histogram of oriented gradient （HOG）, and then the accuracy （PA） of testing results was calculated, respectively. Results The PA of SVM, LOOCV and HOG of distal radius epiphyseal level were 100%, 78.6%, and 82.8%, respectively; whereas the PA of SVM, LOOCV and HOG of distal ulna epiphyseal level were 100.0%, 80.0% and 88.6%, respectively. Conclusion The SVM-based automatic models of the growth stage of distal radius and ulna appear to have certain feasibility, and may provide a foundation for software development of bone age assessment by forensic medicine. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Isokinetic Muscle Testing in Identification of the Faked Paralysis XIA QING, GAO DONG, HUANG TING-TING, ET AL. 2014, 30(6): 427-430.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.06.006 Abstract ( 989 )   Objective To study the application of isokinetic muscle testing in identification of the faked paralysis to provide scientific data for establishing a standard system of muscle strength in forensic medicine identification. Methods Fifty-seven patients with bone fracture or nerve damage as damaged group and 128 normal subjects pretended paralysis as faked paralyzed group were included in this study. Isokinetic muscle testing was performed on bilateral knees of all subjects in the two groups. The peak torque （PT） and peak torque angle （PTA） were compared between both sides in each group. The features of torque-time graph of two groups were classified. Results In the damaged group, the differences of PT between two sides of flexors and extensors were statistically significant （P＜0.05）, while the differences of PTA were not statistically significant （P＞0.05）. In faked paralyzed group, the differences of PT and PTA between two sides of flexors and extensors were both statistically significant （P＜0.05）. The torque-time graph of damaged knee presented mostly as single lead peak, while torque-time graph of the faked paralyzed knee presented mostly as multiple peaks. Conclusion The feature of torque-time graph could be useful to identify the faked paralyzed extremities in forensic authentication. Related Articles | Metrics

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Assessment on the Criminal Responsibility of Drug-induced Mental Disorders: A Questionnaire Survey ZHANG SHENG-YU, ZHAO HAI, CAI WEI-XIONG, ET AL. 2014, 30(6): 431-433.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.06.007 Abstract ( 1056 )    Objective To understand the assessment on the criminal responsibility of drug-induced mental disorders and judicial experts’ opinions. Methods The judicial experts from institutes of forensic psychiatry in Shanghai were selected. They were asked to finish a self-made questionnaire of assessment on the criminal responsibility of drug-induced mental disorders by letters and visits. Results Most of experts knew the special regulation, “not suitable for evaluation” towards the criminal responsibility of drug-induced mental disorders of the guideline promulgated by Ministry of Justice. Before and after the guideline was issued, no expert made a no-responsibility opinion in such cases. After the guideline was issued, some experts made a full-responsibility or limited-responsibility opinion in such cases. There was a little disagreement among the experts in the case that the crime was unrelated with mental symptoms or the criminals used drugs even though he knew it could induced insanity. But there were still many obvious disagreements among experts in the case that crime was related to such symptoms and person was no ability to debate. Most experts agreed to settle the disagreements with improved legislative perfection. Conclusion Most experts are not strictly complying with the assessment guidelines during their practice, and there is still an obvious disagreement towards the criminal responsibility of drug-induced mental disorders. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation of Daily Living Activities with Location and Severity of Traumatic Brain Injury ZHANG YUN-GE, LI CHUN-XIAO, GUAN GUO-FU, ET AL. 2014, 30(6): 434-436.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.06.008 Abstract ( 1047 )   Objective To study the correlation of daily living activities with location and severity of traumatic brain injury （TBI） and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the accuracy of expert opinion. Methods Five hundred and one cases of patients with TBI were selected. Detailed records included following： pre-injury situation, location and severity of injury, treatment and education. Daily living activities scale （Barthel index） was applied to test the subjects’ daily living activities. The relevance among location and severity of TBI and Barthel index was statistically analyzed. Results In mild TBI group, there was no significant difference in Barthel index among each location （P>0.05）. In moderate TBI group, there were significant differences in Barthel index between subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral lobe injury, also between parietal, occipital lobes injury and frontal lobe injury, parietal, occipital lobes injury and temporal lobe （P<0.05）, respectively, whereas no significant difference in Barthel index between frontal lobe injury and temporal lobe injury （P＞0.05）. In severe TBI, there were significant differences in Barthel index between every two different locations （P<0.05）. Conclusion There is some correlation between the location of TBI and Barthel index, which provides an important reference value for analyzing and determining daily living activities after TBI.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Linkage Disequilibrium and Mutation Rate Analysis of Sixteen X-STR Loci LI LI, LIU JUN-HONG, ZHU RU-XIN, ET AL. 2014, 30(6): 437-440.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.06.009 Abstract ( 1169 )   Objective To assess the patterns of linkage disequilibrium （LD） of 16 STR loci on X chromosome and investigate the genetic stability. Methods Genomic DNA samples extracted from blood stains from 500 unrelated individuals and 885 lineage members from Eastern Chinese Han population were genotyped through multiplex amplification using IDtyperX-16 kit by our independent research followed by capillary electrophoresis. LD was assessed by PowerMarker v3.25 software and mutation rate of every locus was analyzed. Results LD were not found at the 16 X-STR loci. Allele mutations were observed at 10 loci. Among them, mutation rates of DXS6809 and DXS7132 were both up to 0.004 8. Conclusion When the 16 X-STR loci included in IDtyperX-16 kit were used for parentage testing, product principles can be applied to calculate the likelihood, but mutation should be taken into consideration in the case that the genotypes do not meet the genetic law （especially at DXS6809 and DXS7132）. Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic Polymorphism of Nine Non-CODIS STR Loci in Hunan Province-based Chinese Han Population GUO JUAN-JUAN, LIU YING, GUO YA-DONG, ET AL. 2014, 30(6): 441-445.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.06.010 Abstract ( 932 )   Objective To determine the allelic frequency distribution and genetic parameters of nine non-CODIS DNA index systems of the short tandem repeat （STR） loci （D2S1772, D6S1043, D7S3048, D8S1132, D11S2368, D12S391, D13S325, D18S1364, and GATA198B05）. Methods A total of 353 blood samples were collected, extracted, amplified, and analyzed from unrelated healthy individuals of Han nationality in Hunan Province, China. Results One hundred and fourteen alleles were observed in the population with corresponding allelic frequencies ranged from 0.001 0 to 0.323 0. For all the nine non-CODIS STR loci, the observed genotypic data showed no significant deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The Ho, He, PIC, DP, and PE of the studied non-CODIS STR loci ranged from 0.108 0 to 0.195 0, 0.805 0 to 0.892 0, 0.770 0 to 0.860 0, 0.925 0 to 0.966 0 and 0.607 0 to 0.780 0, respectively. Conclusion Nine non-CODIS STR loci have high degrees of polymorphisms, which may be useful in individual forensic identification and parentage testing in forensic practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Forensic Validation of Goldeneye®DNA ID 26Y System QUE TING-ZHI, LIN YUAN, ZHAO ZHEN-MIN, ET AL. 2014, 30(6): 446-451.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.06.011 Abstract ( 1720 )   Objective To perform the validation and analysis of forensic parameters of Goldeneye®DNA ID 26Y system. Methods Based on the validation rules of Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods （SWGDAM）, the kit was assessed from several parts, as test of PCR system, reproducibility, accuracy, and sensitivity, etc. And Y-STR loci of 517 unrelated healthy individuals from Eastern China were genotypes by this kit. The distribution and frequency of haplotype were calculated and forensic parameters of the kit were assessed. Results The complete profiles can be obtained even when the PCR reaction volume with 6.25 μL. And correct profile was obtained with DNA down to 125 pg. No reproducible peaks were detected with the DNA of common animals and microorganism with the kit. For the male-male mixture testing, average 70% of the minor alleles were obtained when the ratios of 1∶19 and 19∶1. For the male-female mixture testing, results showed that the sensitivity of the kit was no compromised with the addition of female samples. Conclusion The validation studies demonstrated that Goldeneye®DNA ID 26Y system has good sensitivity and specificity, and suitable for mixture testing. The polymorphism of 26 Y-STR loci included in this kit are good for forensic application. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Additives in Blood Collection Tubes on Testing the Alcohol Concentration in Blood Samples LIU DONG-XIAN, HE JIANG-南 2014, 30(6): 452-455.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.06.012 Abstract ( 1416 )   Objective To discuss blood collection tubes with different additives and their effects on the testing results of alcohol concentration in blood samples. Methods Blood samples from 10 volunteers were collected 2 hours after drinking with seven different types of disposable vacuum blood collection tubes, including ordinary tube without anticoagulant, coagulant tube, separating gel-coagulant tube, sodium citrate （1∶4） tube, sodium citrate （1∶9） tube, sodium citrate （9∶1） tube and EDTA-K2 tube. The alcohol concentrations in these blood samples were analyzed by headspace gas chromatography. Results The concentration testing results of the same blood samples in different types of tubes were different from one to another. The sequence was as follows: separating gel-coagulant tube > coagulant tube > ordinary tube without anticoagulant > EDTA-K2 tube > sodium citrate （1∶9） tube > sodium citrate （1∶4） tube, whereas the results of the same blood sample in sodium citrate （1∶9） tube and sodium citrate （9∶1） tube showed no obvious difference. Conclusion It is better to collect a suspicious drunk driver’s blood sample using a disposable vacuum blood collection tube, with the EDTA-K2 tube being preferred. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Retrospective Analysis of 105 Drowning Victims with Psychiatric Disorders ZHAO HAI, DONG LI-MIN, SUN LIAN-JIE, ET AL. 2014, 30(6): 456-459.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.06.013 Abstract ( 1025 )   Objective To analyze the features of drowning victims with psychiatric disorders to support further investigation on such cases. Methods One hundred and five archives of drowning victims with psychiatric disorders from January 2010 to June 2014 in Harbor Public Security Subbureau, Shanghai Public Security Bureau were reviewed. The decedents’ general information, autopsy findings, case investigation data and disease histories were statistically analyzed. Results Of the 105 cases, 104 were suicides. Most decedents were poorly educated. Most suicides occurred in warm climate, and the corpses were usually found within 2 days. Most decedents had no suicide history and notes, but had abnormal mental or behavior changes before suicide. Depression, depression status and schizophrenia were the main types of psychiatric disorders, and only 9 decedents had received regular therapies before their deaths. Conclusion Mental disorder is a high risk factor in the drowning victims. Guardians should be aware of psychotic abnormal behaviors, especially during warm climate seasons. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of 163 Rib Fractures by Imaging Examination SONG TIAN-FU, WANG CHAO-CHAO 2014, 30(6): 460-462.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.06.014 Abstract ( 1025 )   Objective To explore the applications of imaging examination on rib fracture sites in forensic identification. Methods Features including the sites, numbers of the processed imaging examination and the first radiological technology at diagnosis in 56 cases of rib fractures from 163 injuries were retrospectively analyzed. Results The detection rate of the rib fractures within 14 days was 65.6%. The initial detection rate of anterior rib fracture proceeded by X-ray was 76.2%, then 90.5% detected at a second time X-ray, while the detection rate of CT was 66.7% and 80.0%, respectively. The initial detection rate of rib fracture in axillary section proceeded by X-ray was 27.6%, then 58.6% detected at a second time X-ray, while the detection rate of CT was 54.3% and 80.4%, respectively. The initial detection rate of posterior rib fracture proceeded by X-ray was 63.6%, then 81.8% detected at a second time X-ray, while the detection rate of CT was 50.0% and 70.0%, respectively. Conclusion It is important to pay attention to the use of combined imaging examinations and the follow-up results. In the cases of suspicious for rib fracture in axillary section, CT examination is suggested in such false X-ray negative cases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Pesticides in Blood Specimen by GC/MS with Accelerated Solvent Extraction LI WEN-HAI, LIN DA-WEI, SUN HONG-LEI, ET AL. 2014, 30(6): 463-465.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.06.015 Abstract ( 1145 )   Objective To develop the accelerated solvent extraction （ASE） for determining pesticides present in blood samples. Methods Pesticides were extracted by ASE with optimized parameters to study recovery rate affected by extraction temperature, time and agent. GC/MS was used to perform quantitative analysis．Results The recovery rates of eight pesticides were 70.6%-92.4%. The coefficient of variation was less than 5.0%. A good linear relationship was obtained at the concentration range of 0.5-5.0 μg/mL. Conclusion The method was fast and simple with high recovery rate and good repeatability. It can be applied to analyze pesticides present in the blood specimen. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress of the Recovery Mechanism of Brain Injury Associated with the Gene Polymorphism of Apolipoproteins E YOU YUE, LI RU-BO 2014, 30(6): 466-463.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.06.016 Abstract ( 935 )   Brain injury is a kind of wound by violence on head, which is a mechanical distortion of skull, meninx, cerebral vascular and brain tissue due to outside force acting on head. Apolipoproteins E （ApoE） is a major kind of apolipoproteins, participating in the metabolism of lipid and regulating balance of cholesterol. Some recent investigations show that gene polymorphism of ApoE is associated with various kinds of diseases. Also its immunoreactivity is changed regularly with brain injury. In addition, ApoE has remarkable effect in neurological normal growth and reparative process after brain injury. This article reviews the biological characteristics and mechanism of ApoE in the repair of brain injury and application prospect in forensic medicine, which may be able to provide new ideas for estimation of the brain injury time and related experimental research. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and Mechanism of αB-crystallin in Retina and Extraocular Tissues and Organs LIU DONG-MEI, ZHOU SHU, CHEN JIE-MIN, ET AL. 2014, 30(6): 470-473.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2014.06.017 Abstract ( 923 )   αB-crystallin is the structural protein of vertebrate lens, which is widely expressed in non-lens tissue. As one of the heat shock protein family members, αB-crystallin possesses biological properties of molecular chaperones and anti-apoptotic effects. Multi-factor injuries, such as retinopathy, inflammation and nervous system diseases, have a closely relationship with αB-crystallin. This paper reviews the research progress of the expression and mechanism of αB-crystallin in retina and extraocular tissues and organs. Related Articles | Metrics