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28 April 2017, Volume 33 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Diagnostic Value of Postmortem CT Angiography in Coronary Atherosclerosis QIAN HUI, SHAO YU, LI ZHENG-DONG, ET AL. 2017, 33(2): 109-113.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.02.001 Abstract ( 780 )   Objective To explore the application value of postmortem computed tomography （CT） angiography on diagnosis of coronary atherosclerotic stenosis degree. Methods Based on the previous experimental results, the postmortem CT angiography device of human isolated heart was improved. Different coronary atherosclerotic stenosis degree of sudden death cases was selected. Before the cardiac anatomy, hearts were removed out completely and CT angiography was performed immediately. The CT angiography results were compared with histopathological findings. Meanwhile, the advantages and disadvantages of the angiography device before and after improvement were compared. Results The improved angiography device of isolated heart could get better imaging results. The postmortem CT angiography results had high consistency with the histopathological findings on diagnosis of coronary atherosclerotic stenosis degree. And the coronary artery lesions could be revealed more objectively and vividly by 3D reconstruction technology. However, CT angiography could only be used to examine the pathological changes of blood vessels, which might have some limitations on the diagnosis of cause of death. Conclusion Postmortem CT angiography can be used as an additional method for the conventional autopsy in the cases of coronary atherosclerosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between Genetic Variants and Polymorphism of Caveolin and Sudden Unexplained Death WU FANG-YU, TANG XIN-HUA, GAI LIAN-LEI, ET AL. 2017, 33(2): 114-119.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.02.002 Abstract ( 676 )   Objective To explore the genetic variation sites of caveolin （CAV） and their correlation with sudden unexplained death （SUD）. Methods The blood samples were collected from SUD group （71 cases）, coronary artery disease （CAD） group （62 cases） and control group （60 cases）, respectively. The genome DNA were extracted and sequencing was performed directly by amplifying gene coding region and exon-intron splicing region of CAV1 and CAV3 using PCR. The type of heritable variation of CVA was confirmed and statistical analysis was performed. Results A total of 4 variation sites that maybe significative were identified in SUD group, and two were newfound which were CAV1： c.45C＞T （T15T） and CAV1：c.512G＞A （R171H）, and two were SNP loci which were CAV1：c.246C＞T （rs35242077） and CAV3：c.99C＞T （rs1008642） and had significant difference （P＜0.05） in allele and genotype frequencies between SUD and control groups. Forementioned variation sites were not found in CAD group. Conclusion The variants of CAV1 and CAV3 may be correlated with a part of SUD group. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between the Change Rules of Volatile Organic Compounds in Rat Muscle and Postmortem Interval LIU BEI-BEI, XIA ZHI-YUAN, MA JIN-QI, ET AL. 2017, 33(2): 120-124.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.02.003 Abstract ( 622 )   Objective To explore the relationship between the change rules of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in rat muscle and postmortem interval （PMI）. Methods A total of 120 healthy rats were divided randomly into 12 groups （10 for each group）. After the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, the bodies were kept at （25±1） ℃. Rat muscle samples were separately obtained at 12 PMI points, including 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 d. The VOCs in rat muscles were collected, detected and analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextraction （HS-SPME） coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometer （GC-MS）. Results In total, 15 species of VOCs were identified, including 9 aromatic compounds, 3 sulfur compounds, 2 aliphatic acids and 1 heterocyclic compound. The species of VOCs increased with PMI： no species were detected within 1 day, 3 species were detected on day 2, 9 on day 3, 11 on day 4, 14 from day 5 to 7, and 15 from day 8 to 10. Total peak area of 15 species of VOCs was significantly correlated to PMI （adjusted R2=0.15-0.96）： the regression function was y=-17.05 x2+ 164.36 x-246.36 （adjusted R2=0.96） from day 2 to 5, and y=2.24 x+101.13 （adjusted R2=0.97） from day 6 to 10. Conclusion The change rules of VOCs in rat muscle are helpful for PMI estimation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Different Attentional Conditions on ERP Detection of Visual Acuity MENG HUAN-HUAN, LUO BIN, TE LA-TI-·SAI-YI-TI, ET AL. 2017, 33(2): 125-128.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.02.004 Abstract ( 704 )   Objective To study the effect of different attentional conditions on the event-related potential （ERP） components generated by the visual information stimuli related to visual acuity, and provide a theoretical reference for clinical forensic visual objective evaluation. Methods With visual acuity optotypes as normal form of visual information stimuli, 15 volunteers as study subjects were supposed to account the visual acuity optotypes under the attentional condition of visual stimuli. Furthermore, the subjects were required to listen to the storytelling carefully under the non-attentional condition of visual stimuli, and after the examination, they needed to answer the story-related questions. All the EEG results of two different attentional conditions from the subjects were recorded by 32 channel ERP system. Results Under two attentional conditions, P1 and P300 components were evoked by the visual acuity optotypes on supra-threshold and threshold visual acuity levels, while only P1 component were evoked by the visual acuity optotypes on sub-threshold levels. In the ERP waveforms evoked by the visual acuity optotypes on supra-threshold, P1 and P300 amplitudes under attentional condition were larger than that under non-attentional condition. Conclusion Attentional conditions can influence the detection of visual acuity. P300 component can be used to distinguish the visual acuity levels with supra-threshold and sub-threshold under non-attentional condition. Related Articles | Metrics

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Forensic Application of HuaxiaTM Platinum Kit WANG YA-LI, SHENG XIANG, LI MIN, ET AL. 2017, 33(2): 129-135.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.02.005 Abstract ( 2805 )   Objective To investigate the genetic polymorphism of 23 autosomal STR loci of HuaxiaTM Platinum kit in Chinese Han population, and to evaluate the forensic efficiency of HuaxiaTM Platinum kit. Methods A total of 500 unrelated healthy individuals from Han population were genotyped with HuaxiaTM Platinum kit. The frequency distribution and the parameter of population genetics of STR loci were analysed statistically. HuaxiaTM Platinum kit was compared with other 7 commercial STR kits commonly seen at home and abroad in the number of STR loci, interior label, fluorescent mark, total number of alleles in Ladder and system effectiveness. Results All the 23 autosomal STR loci were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium （P>0.05）. The discrimination power was 0.791 5-0.986 2. The polymorphism information content （PIC） was 0.559 0-0.914 0. The combined discrimination power （CDP） was 1-4.1×10-28, while combined probability of paternity exclusion in trio （CPET） and in duo （CPED） were 1-4.1×10-10 and 1-8.4×10-7, respectively. Compared with other 7 kits, HuaxiaTM Platinum kit contained the most number of alleles within the Ladder. Conclusion All the 23 autosomal STR loci of HuaxiaTM Platinum kit with highly polymorphic in Han population can be used for paternity testing and individual identification. Compared with other 7 kits, it appears that HuaxiaTM Platinum kit can provide more genetic information. Related Articles | Metrics

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Full Sibling Identification by IBS Scoring Method and Establishment of the Query Table of Its Critical Value LI RAN, LI CHENG-TAO, ZHAO SHU-MIN, DENG 2017, 33(2): 136-140.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.02.006 Abstract ( 859 )   Objective To establish a query table of IBS critical value and identification power for the detection systems with different numbers of STR loci under different false judgment standards. Methods Samples of 267 pairs of full siblings and 360 pairs of unrelated individuals were collected and 19 autosomal STR loci were genotyped by GoldeneyeTM 20A system. The full siblings were determined using IBS scoring method according to the ‘Regulation for biological full sibling testing’. The critical values and identification power for the detection systems with different numbers of STR loci under different false judgment standards were calculated by theoretical methods. Results According to the formal IBS scoring criteria, the identification power of full siblings and unrelated individuals was 0.764 0 and the rate of false judgment was 0. The results of theoretical calculation were consistent with that of sample observation. The query table of IBS critical value for identification of full sibling detection systems with different numbers of STR loci was successfully established. Conclusion The IBS scoring method defined by the regulation has high detection efficiency and low false judgment rate, which provides a relatively conservative result. The query table of IBS critical value for identification of full sibling detection systems with different numbers of STR loci provides an important reference data for the result judgment of full sibling testing and owns a considerable practical value. Related Articles | Metrics

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Simultaneous Quantitative Analysis of Koumine, Gelsemine and Gelsenicine in Biological Samples by LC-MS/MS JI SHENG-JIE, LIU WEI 2017, 33(2): 141-147.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.02.007 Abstract ( 924 )   Objective To establish a LC-MS/MS method which is accurate and sensitive for determination of koumine, gelsemine, and gelsenicine in biological samples and to verify the method. Methods Strychnine was used as internal standard. Analytes in blood, urine and liver with 1% sodium hydroxide solution were extracted by ethyl acetate. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a ZORBAX SB-C18 column （150 mm×2.1 mm, 5 μm）, and gradient elution was performed with the buffer solution of methanol-20 mmol/L ammonium acetate （including 0.1% formic acid and 5% acetonitrile） as mobile phase. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed in the multiple reaction monitoring mode coupled with an electrospray ionization source under positive ion mode（ESI+）. Results The linearity of koumine, gelsemine and gelsenicine in blood, urine and liver was good within corresponding linear limitation and the correlation coefficients （r） ＞0.995 0. The limits of detection were 0.1 ng/mL （0.1 ng/g）, 0.1 ng/mL （0.1 ng/g） and 0.01 ng/mL （0.01 ng/g）, respectively. The extraction recovery and accuracy of the alkaloids ranged from 61.9% to 114.6% and 92.4% to 114.3%, respectively. The relative standard deviations of the intra-day and inter-day precisions were not more than 11.0%. Conclusion The method is selective, sensitive and suitable for simultaneous determination of koumine, gelsemine and gelsenicine in body fluids and tissues, which offering technical support for clinical diagnosis and treatment and forensic toxicological analysis of Gelsemium elegans poisoning. Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of Sulfide Ion in Blood from Hydrogen Sulfide Poisoning Cases QIANG HUO-SHENG, CHEN HANG, SHEN BAO-HUA,ET AL. 2017, 33(2): 148-153.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.02.008 Abstract ( 766 )   Objective To establish a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） method for the determination of sulfide ion in blood and apply it to the practical cases. Methods The 1, 3, 5-tribromobenzene was selected as an internal standard, and 0.2 mL blood sample was collected and analyzed using GC-MS after α-Bromo-2, 3, 4, 5, 6-pentafluorobenzyl bromide derivatization. Results The mass concentration of sulfide ion in blood had good linearity in the range of 0.2-40 μg/mL with a limit of detection （LOD） of 0.05 μg/mL. The mass concentration of sulfide ion was less than 0.05 μg/mL in blank blood from different sources such as healthy subjects and dead cases. In 3 sulfide poisoning cases, sulfide ion was detected in the blood samples of 6 victims, and the mass concentration range was 1.02-3.13 μg/mL. Conclusion This study establishes a method for investigation of sulfide ion in blood which has been applied successfully to the cases of fatal sulfide poisonings. Related Articles | Metrics

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Eye Movement Characteristics of Cooperation Degree during Image Completion Test in Psychiatric Impairment Assessment WANG JUN-JIE, LIU CHAO, LIU LU, ET AL. 2017, 33(2): 154-157.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.02.009 Abstract ( 642 )   Objective To explore the difference of eye movement characteristics between uncooperative and cooperative subjects with mental disorder after cerebral trauma. Methods Thirty-nine subjects which needed psychiatric impairment assessment were selected. According to the binomial forced-choice digit memory test （BFDMT）, all subjects were divided into cooperative and uncooperative groups. The subjects were asked to take the image completion test from Wechsler adult intelligence scale. Meanwhile, the data of eye movement track, fixation, saccade, pupil and blink were recorded by the track system of eye movement. Results There were significantly differences （P<0.05） in the data of saccade between cooperative （10 cases） and uncooperative groups （29 cases）. The frequency, time, amplitude, acceleration of saccadic in uncooperative group were significantly higher than cooperation group. The saccade latencies of cooperation group increased more than uncooperative group. There was a significant difference （P<0.05） in total discrete distance, average distance and total time of fixation between two groups, while the average duration time, number and frequency of fixation had no significantly difference （P>0.05） between two groups. And the blink frequency of cooperation group was higher than uncooperative group. Conclusion Eye movement can be an objective index for the primary judgment of cooperation level. Related Articles | Metrics

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Forensic Psychiatric Assessment for Organic Personality Disorders after Craniocerebral Trauma LI CHEN-HU, HUANG LI-NA, ZHANG MING-CHANG, ET AL. 2017, 33(2): 158-161.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.02.010 Abstract ( 698 )   Objective To explore the occurrence and the differences of clinical manifestations of organic personality disorder with varying degrees of craniocerebral trauma. Methods According to the International Classification of Diseases-10, 396 subjects with craniocerebral trauma caused by traffic accidents were diagnosed, and the degrees of craniocerebral trauma were graded. The personality characteristics of all patients were evaluated using the simplified Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five-Factor Inventory （NEO-FFI）. Results The occurrence rate of organic personality disorder was 34.6% while it was 34.9% and 49.5% in the patients with moderate and severe craniocerebral trauma, respectively, which significantly higher than that in the patients （18.7%） of mild craniocerebral trauma （P＜0.05）. Compared with the patients without personality disorder, the neuroticism, extraversion and agreeableness scores all showed significantly differences （P＜0.05） in the patients of mild craniocerebral trauma with personality disorder; the neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness scores showed significantly differences （P＜0.05） in the patients of moderate and severe craniocerebral trauma with personality disorder. The agreeableness and conscientiousness scores in the patients of moderate and severe craniocerebral trauma with personality disorder were significantly lower than that of mild craniocerebral trauma, and the patients of severe craniocerebral trauma had a lower score in extraversion than in the patients of mild craniocerebral trauma. Conclusion The severity of craniocerebral trauma is closely related to the incidence of organic personality disorder, and it also affects the clinical features of the latter, which provides a certain significance and help for forensic psychiatric assessment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the Injury Mechanism and Characteristics of Ox Horn ZHANG WEI-LI, DU YI-LIANG 2017, 33(2): 162-164.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.02.011 Abstract ( 632 )   Objective To study the morphological characteristics of the injury caused by ox horn on human body and its injury mechanism, and to discuss the rules and characteristics of injury by ox horn and provide forensic evidences for identification of such cases. Methods The comparative analysis of position and morphological characteristics were performed by summarizing the data of 100 victims gored by ox accepted by Heilongjiang agricultural areas public security bureau during 2004—2014. Results The specific injuries only could be found at the contact positions such as thorax and abdomen, lower back and limbs of the victims gored by ox horn. Most of the skin wounds had the characteristics of sharp injuries, the bar-type injury by club which called “rail way bruise” was an obvious characteristic appeared on the soft tissue. Conclusion Ox horn can cause non-specific injuries on thorax and abdomen, lower back and limbs of human body, which are similar with the characteristics of sharp injury and injury by club. Careful analyzation and identification should be performed on such injury in daily work. Related Articles | Metrics

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Diatom Detection Using Enzyme Combined with Strong Acid Digestion Method YAO JIAN, HAN WEI-JUN 2017, 33(2): 165-167.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.02.012 Abstract ( 596 )   Objective To detect diatom in the organs of drowners by enzyme combined with strong acid digestion method, and evaluate its application value. Methods A total of 40 cases which have been identified as drowning in local region were collected. Samples of the lung, liver, kidney, and the water of the scene were also gathered from each case. Strong acid digestion method, enzyme combined with strong acid digestion method, and enzymic digestion method were respectively performed to detect the diatom in the samples. The comparative analysis was made on digestion time, digestive power and detection rate of diatom, etc. Results Enzyme combined with strong acid digestion method was significantly better than enzymic digestion method on digestion time and digestive power; enzyme combined with strong acid digestion method were obviously superior to strong acid digestion method on the detection rate of diatom. Conclusion Enzyme combined with strong acid digestion method combines the advantages of strong acid digestion method and enzymic digestion method. It has the characters of operation safety with little pollution to environment, which is worthy of further popularization and practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of MPure-12 Automatic Nucleic Acid Purification and Chelex-100 Method SHENG XIANG, LI MIN, WANG YA-LI, ET AL. 2017, 33(2): 168-170.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.02.013 Abstract ( 738 )   Objective To explore the forensic application value of MPure-12 automatic nucleic acid purification （MPure-12 Method） for DNA extraction by extracting and typing DNA from bloodstains and various kinds of biological samples with different DNA contents. Methods Nine types of biological samples, such as bloodstains, semen stains, and saliva were collected. DNA were extracted using MPure-12 method and Chelex-100 method, followed by PCR amplification and electrophoresis for obtaining STR-profiles. Results The samples such as hair root, chutty, butt, muscular tissue, saliva stain, bloodstain and semen stain were typed successfully by MPure-12 method. Partial alleles were lacked in the samples of saliva, and the genotyping of contact swabs was unsatisfactory. Additional, all of the bloodstains （20 μL, 15 μL, 10 μL, 5 μL, 1 μL） showed good typing results using Chelex-100 method. But the loss of alleles occurred in 1 μL blood volume by MPure-12 method. Conclusion MPure-12 method is suitable for DNA extraction of a certain concentration blood samples．Chelex-100 method may be better for the extraction of trace blood samples．This instrument used in nucleic acid extraction has the advantages of simplicity of operator, rapidity, high extraction efficiency, high rate of reportable STR-profiles and lower man-made pollution. Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of Myocardial Infarction and Abnormalities of Cardiac Conduction System on Sudden Cardiac Death SONG RU-YING, DING RUN-TAO, CUI WEN 2017, 33(2): 171-174.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.02.014 Abstract ( 608 )    Sudden cardiac death （SCD）, most commonly seen in coronary heart disease, is a kind of sudden death caused by series of cardiac parameters, which usually combines with myocardial infarction. However, some SCDs （including early myocardial infarction） happen suddenly and cause death in a very short time. In these circumstances, typical morphological changes are lack in macroscopic or microscopic fields, which make such SCDs become the emphasis and difficulty in the present research. SCD caused by myocardial infarction and abnormalities of cardiac conduction system （CCS） is related to atherosclerosis of coronary artery closely. This paper reviews cardiac dysfunction caused by myocardial infarction and diseases of CCS from morphology and molecular biology, and explores potential relationship between them. This paper aims to provide clues to the mechanism of myocardial infarction related sudden death and possible assistance for forensic diagnosis of SCD. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Forensic Dentistry LIU FEI, DANG YONG-HUI 2017, 33(2): 175-180.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.02.015 Abstract ( 884 )   Forensic dentistry is an interdiscipline of forensic medicine and stomatology, which provides legal information by collecting, testing and assessing the dental evidence scientifically. In this review, the present application of forensic dentistry has been described, such as the estimation of age, sex, species, occupation and living habit, as well as the identification of individual, domestic violence or abuse, which aims to enrich and improve forensic dentistry for making it be more useful in forensic medicine even in juridical practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Confirming Indicators of Qualitative Results by Chromatography-mass Spectrometry in Biological Samples LIU SHAO-DAN, ZHANG DA-MING, ZHANG WEI, ET AL. 2017, 33(2): 181-188.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.02.016 Abstract ( 726 )   Because of the exist of complex matrix, the confirming indicators of qualitative results for toxic substances in biological samples by chromatography-mass spectrometry are different from that in non-biological samples. Even in biological samples, the confirming indicators are different in various application areas. This paper reviews the similarities and differences of confirming indicators for the analyte in biological samples by chromatography-mass spectrometry in the field of forensic toxicological analysis and other application areas. These confirming indicators include retention time （RT）, relative retention time （RRT）, signal to noise （S/N）, characteristic ions, relative abundance of characteristic ions, parent ion-daughter ion pair and abundance ratio of ion pair, etc. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Injury Mechanisms of Fracture due to Domestic Violence: A Case Study LIU DONG-MEI, GAO DONG, XIA WEN-TAO, ET AL. 2017, 33(2): 209-213.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.02.029 Abstract ( 638 )   This article reported a 37-year-old woman who was physically attacked by her husband, which caused her leg injuries. In the hospital a diagnosis was made of fractures of the right patella and left tibia before she underwent an operation of open reduction and internal fixation. Because the husband refused to admit his family violence committed against this woman; instead he claimed that her lower limb fractures belonged to the falling injuries caused by a traffic accident. The police assigned forensic experts to judicially judge the woman’s injuries. And the identification results of X-ray and CT showed that the transverse fracture of patella had been caused by muscular violence, and that both direct and indirect force resulted in the injuries of left tibia, and the fracture of left medial orbital wall might have been formed during the violence. This article expounded the identification between the injuries of family violence and traffic accident by the applications of imaging, which emphasized the application value of imaging techniques in clinic forensic science. Related Articles | Metrics