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Expressions of IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-13 mRNA in Lung Tissue and Serum of Rats Drown in Fresh Water JIANG Mei-ling, LIU Zhi-jie, PAN Jing，et al 2018, 34(2): 111-113,119.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2018.02.001 Abstract ( 156 )   PDF (637KB) ( 688 )   Objective To detect the changes of （interleukin, IL） -1α, IL-1β and IL-13 mRNA in lung tissue and serum of drown rats, and to explore the potential value for the diagnosis of drowning in forensic practice. Methods Eighteen SD rats were randomly divided into drowning group, blank control group and myocardial infarction group （as control group）. The serum of right ventricular, the inferior lobe of right lung and the myocardium were taken from the rats in different groups. The expressions of IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-13 mRNA in the lung tissue and the serum of right ventricular were detected by TaqMan probe method. Results The expression differences of IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-13 mRNA in lung tissue between drowning group and blank control group, myocardial infarction group were not statistically significant （P>0.05）. The expression of IL-1β and IL-13 mRNA in serum of right ventricular increased （P<0.05）. The expression differences of IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-13 mRNA in serum between blank control group and myocardial infarction group were not statistically significant （P>0.05）. Conclusion The changes of cytokines IL-1β and IL-13 mRNA in the serum of right ventricular of drown rats are statistical significance, which are highly correlated with drowning. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular Identification of Sarcosaphagous Flies in Luoyang Based on 28S rRNA Gene Sequence#br# ZHAO Lin-lin, ZHAI Xian-dun, ZHANG Zhen,et al 2018, 34(2): 114-119.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2018.02.002 Abstract ( 183 )   PDF (825KB) ( 595 )   Objective To detect 715 bp sequence of 28S rRNA in sarcosaphagous flies, and to identify their common species for solving the problem of morphological identification, as well as providing technical support for postmortem interval （PMI） estimation. Methods Twenty-nine common sarcosaphagous flies were collected in Luoyang and classified by morphological characteristics. The DNA was extracted from the fly’s legs by Chelex-100 method and then the fragments of 28S rRNA were amplified and sequenced. The results were compared with twenty-eight corresponding fly species of GenBank and EMBL databases. All the sequences were analyzed by MEGA7.0 software, and sequence alignment was performed by the searching in BLAST. The nucleotide composition was analysed, and the intraspecific and interspecific genetic distance and phylogenetic tree were established. Results Twenty-nine sarcosaphagous flies were classified into 6 species of 5 genera, 3 families by morphological characteristics. In the obtained 715 bp sequence of 28S rRNA, the comparison result of online BLAST showed that the similarity was 100%. Five species were well clustered by a phylogenetic tree. Between different groups, the interspecific and intraspecific differences ranged from 0.007 to 0.045 and 0 to 0.001, respectively. Conclusion The 28S rRNA target gene sequences shows a good identification capability, which can be a new genetic marker for the identification of sarcosaphagous flies. Related Articles | Metrics

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Forensic Application of SiFaSTRTM 23plex DNA ID System in Han Population of Eastern China BAO Yun, SHENG Xiang, ZHANG Jia-shuo，et al 2018, 34(2): 120-125.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2018.02.003 Abstract ( 281 )   PDF (622KB) ( 734 )   Objective To investigate the genetic polymorphism of 21 autosomal STR loci and DYS391 locus of SiFaSTRTM 23plex DNA ID system in Han population of eastern China and to evaluate its application value in forensic science. Methods Typing test of 2 000 unrelated individuals was performed using SiFaSTRTM 23plex DNA ID system. The population genetic parameters of STR loci were statistically analysed. A total of 3 198 parentage confirmed cases were detected with that system and the mutation conditions were observed in 21 autosomal STR loci. Results All the 21 autosomal STR loci showed no significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium （P>0.05）. The Ho ranged from 0.617 5 to 0.927 0. The DP ranged from 0.796 4 to 0.986 9, as well as the PIC distributed from 0.561 1 to 0.912 3. The CDP was 0.999 999 999 999 999. The CPEduo was 0.999 997 431 701 961, while CPEtrio was 0.999 999 999 654 865. Five alleles were detected in DYS391 locus, with the allele frequency from 0.004 0 to 0.729 0, and GD was 0.418 9. Except D13S317 and D10S1248, seventy-six mutation events were observed at the rest nineteen autosomal STR loci. Among them, seventy-five （98.68%） were one step mutation, and only one （1.32%） was three steps mutation. The mutation rate ranged from 0.246 5×10-3 to 2.711 4×10-3, and the averaged mutation rate was 0.892 1×10-3 （95% CI： 0.70×10-3-1.10×10-3）. In 33 trio mutation cases, the proportion of the paternal mutation and the maternal mutation was 2.09∶1. Conclusion The involved STRs are highly polymorphic in Eastern Han population with acceptable mutation rates by the SiFaSTRTM 23plex DNA ID system, which is suitable for paternity testing and individual identification. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of 43-plex SNP Typing System and Its Forensic Application LI Ya-nan, LI Min, JIANG Lei，et al 2018, 34(2): 126-131,137.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2018.02.004 Abstract ( 171 )   PDF (669KB) ( 661 )   Objective To evaluate the application of 43 -plex SNP typing system in forensic science. Methods The typing of 43 SNP loci in 123 unrelated Han individuals from East China was detected by MALDI-TOF-MS. The application value of 43-plex SNP typing system was assessed according to the forensic parameters of population genetics. Results All the 43 SNP loci of 123 individuals showed no significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium （P>0.05）. Excepted rs1355366, rs2270529, rs10776839 and rs938283, there were 39 SNP loci had minor allele frequencies （MAF）, which were greater than 0.25. Among the 25 loci MAFs, 24 ranged from 0.4 to 0.5, while 3 were close to 0.4. The DP, CDP, PIC, Ho, PEtrio and PEduo of the 43 SNP loci were 0.290 1-0.654 4, 1-9.8×10-11, 0.170 8-0.500 0, 0.155 7-0.593 5, 0.085 4-0.250 0 and 0.014 6-0.125 0, respectively. The CPEtrio and CPEduo were 0.999 986 and 0.992 436 1, respectively. Conclusion The 43-plex SNP typing system in present study shows a high polymorphism, which can be an effective supplement and verification for traditional STR genetic markers. It also can be used with other commercial kits for the forensic paternity testing and individual identification. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Assessment of Height Prediction Model Based on SNPs Loci JIAO Hui-yong, SUN Ya-nan, JING Xiao-xi,et al 2018, 34(2): 132-137.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2018.02.005 Abstract ( 249 )   PDF (1KB) ( 636 )   Objective To establish a height prediction model of Chinese Han male based on the reported 547 height-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） loci in Europeans, and assess its accuracy for height estimation. Methods The DNA typing was analyzed in 59 Han male samples of Shandong province by Affymetrix SNP Array 6.0 chip and HiSeq 4000 sequencing platform. Prediction model was established using 547 height-associated SNPs loci as predictors and weight allele sums （WAS） as computing method. The accuracy of height prediction model was analysed using receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve and area under curve （AUC）. Results There was no height-associated SNPs locus was found by genome-wide association studies. In present study, height prediction model was established by WAS and obtained an AUC of 0.67 （95% CI: 0.53-0.90）. Conclusion It has reference value for predicting the height of Han male in Shandong province by WAS model based on 547 SNPs loci, while it is still necessary to further promote the accuracy of the prediction model by screening more height-associated SNPs loci with population heterogeneity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of DNA Genetic Marker Identification System for Plant Evidence LI Hui, XIA Pan, WANG Chuang, et al 2018, 34(2): 138-141.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2018.02.006 Abstract ( 168 )   PDF (767KB) ( 557 )   Objective To establish a species identification system based on DNA genetic markers for plant evidence. Methods Two hundred common plants in Shanghai were collected and identified by morphological characteristics. The primers of gene segments rbcL, matK, and ITS were designed and amplified. The PCR amplicon was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. After the sequencing, the universality and the identification capacity of the three markers were evaluated. Results The success rate of amplification was in order of rbcL （99.5%） > matK （92.5%） > ITS （86.0%）. The identification capacity of the combination of rbcL and matK was better than that of rbcL or matK, by which most plant species could be identified to the genus or higher. ITS was not suitable to be a unique marker because of its unstable result, but it still could be a powerful supplement. The identification capacity of the combination of rbcL, matK and ITS was higher than that of rbcL and matK, by which most plant species could be identified to the genus or lower. Conclusion The identification system with the combination of rbcL, matK and ITS as markers has excellent universality for plant evidence, which can distinguish most plant species to the genus or lower. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation of Genetic Polymorphism, Alcoholic Beverage Type and Ethanol Metabolism YE Yi, CHEN Fan, LU Xiang, et al 2018, 34(2): 142-146.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2018.02.007 Abstract ( 188 )   PDF (690KB) ( 696 )   Objective To explore the effects of ADH1B and ALDH2 gene polymorphism and type of alcoholic beverage on ethanol metabolism, to provide data support for cases involving the interpretation of ethanol metabolism or back calculation of blood ethanol concentration in forensic practice. Methods A total of 81 volunteers were selected. The genotypes of ADH1B, ADH1C and ALDH2 were obtained by a multiplex SNaPshot genotyping method. Each subject was administered with 1.0 g/kg of alcohol. About 1 mL venous blood was collected before and after the alcohol consumption at 30 min, 45 min, 1 h, 1.5 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 5 h, 6 h, 7 h and 8 h, respectively. The concentrations of ethanol and acetaldehyde in blood were determined by headspace gas chromatography. The peak times of blood ethanol concentration （Tmax）, the peak mass concentrations of ethanol （Cmax）, the area under curve （AUC） of ethanol （AUCethanol）, AUCacetaldehyde and ethanol elimination rates （β） were calculated. In order to eliminate the influence of ADH1C, the ADH1C*1/*1 carriers were grouped based on the genotype of ADH1B and ALDH2. The data of each group were evaluated by one-way analysis of variance and pairwise comparison tests were performed by least significant difference method. The gene interactions were evaluated by two-way analysis of variance. Each parameter of three kinds of alcoholic beverage （white wine, red wine and beer） among groups was analysed by variance analysis with randomized block design. Results There were no differences in the value of Tmax and Cmax between the groups with different ADH1B and ALDH2 genotype. The differences in the values of AUCethanol, β and AUCacetaldehyde among some groups carrying different ADH1B and ALDH2 genotype had statistical significance, while no significant difference was observed in these parameters when one individual taking same dose of different alcoholic beverage type. Conclusion The ethanol metabolism is associated with the related gene polymorphism, which is barely affected by alcoholic beverage type. Related Articles | Metrics

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Forensic Pathological Examination on 73 Medical Malpractice Cases of Pediatrics ZHANG Zhi-wei, ZHENG Zi-yu, LI Rong，et al 2018, 34(2): 147-149.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2018.02.008 Abstract ( 167 )   PDF (632KB) ( 575 )   Objective To analyse 73 medical malpractice cases of pediatrics for discussing the importance of forensic pathology in solving the issues such as medical malpractice of pediatrics. Methods From January 2002 to August 2016, 73 medical malpractice cases of pediatrics with age of death between 28 days old and 10 years old were collected from Institute of Judical Expertise of Nanjing Medical University. The relationship between causes of death and related medical institutions was retrospectively analysed. Results In 73 cases, the male to female ratio was 1.70∶1, and ages of 28 days old to 1 year old were common （26 cases, 35.62%）, followed by ages between 1 year old and 3 years old （21 cases, 28.77%）. In 71 cases which had been determined the cause of death by postmortem examination, the main cause of death was disease, especially respiratory diseases （33 cases, 46.48%）, followed by cardiovascular diseases （12 cases, 16.90%）. In 75 medical institutes which involved with these medical malpractices, most were tertiary medical institutes （32, 42.67%）, followed by the sub-secondary （excluding the secondary） medical institutions （23, 30.67%）. The clinical diagnosis of 38 cases （52.05%） completely or mostly corresponded with the pathological findings. There were 35 cases （47.95%） undefined or misdiagnosed cases. Conclusion Autopsy and forensic pathological examination contribute to determine causes of death, which not only provide scientific evidence for medical malpractice of pediatrics, but also enrich and develop clinical medical knowledge, and thus improve diagnosis and treatment level in a certain extent. Related Articles | Metrics

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Age Estimation of Adult Living Donor by Pubic MSCT Three-dimensional Reconstruction FANG Jun-jie, QIN Ming, XIAO Sheng-bin，et al 2018, 34(2): 150-153.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2018.02.009 Abstract ( 187 )   PDF (706KB) ( 588 )   Objective To establish a method for the age estimation of adult living donor based on pubic MSCT three-dimensional reconstruction and verify its accuracy and reliability. Methods The volume rendering （VR） image data of pubic symphysis surface were collected from 300 volunteers aged over 17 years old. According to different age groups, the age estimation of these volunteers was performed by the method and formula of pubic symphysis surface. Results In the 300 volunteers, the difference between biological age and actual age was <1 year in 117 cases, >1-2 years in 178 cases, >2 years in 5 cases. Conclusion MSCT three-dimensional reconstruction technology of pubic symphysis surface can be used to estimate the age of adult living donor, which can provide a high accurate and reliable result. Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficiency Analysis of EX16+10Y Kit on Detection of the Uygur Population in Xinjiang Province BI Gang, ZHANG Chen, DONG Yan, et al 2018, 34(2): 154-156,160.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2018.02.010 Abstract ( 154 )   PDF (679KB) ( 569 )   Objective To analyse the efficiency of EX16+10Y kit on the forensic detection of the Uygur in Xinjiang province. Methods The blood samples were extracted from 4 620 male individuals of Uygur in Xinjiang province, and amplified by EX16+10Y kit. The typing of amplification products was performed by 3130xl genetic analyzer. Results The genotyping graphs of 15 autosomal STR loci and 10 Y-chromosomal STR loci from 4 620 male individuals of Uygur in Xinjiang province were acquired completely. The genotype distribution of 15 autosomal STR loci was consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The heterozygosity, polymorphism information content and discrimination power of STR loci were 0.637-0.838, 0.580-0.860 and 0.811-0.978, respectively. There were 766 haplotypes in 10 Y -chromosomal STR loci. Conclusion The test results of EX16+10Y kit is accurate and trustworthy, which can simultaneously be used for the individual identification and the screening of paternal pedigree in practical work. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Benzidine Test on DNA Analysis of Bloodstain JIN Ming, BA Hua-jie, ZHU Ai-hua, et al 2018, 34(2): 157-160.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2018.02.011 Abstract ( 152 )   PDF (682KB) ( 578 )   Objective To explore the effect of benzidine test and related reagents on DNA analysis of bloodstain. Methods A total of 970 bloodstain filter paper samples with 1 μL venous blood were collected, and 10 of them acted as control samples. After benzidine test and related reagent processing, DNA of 960 samples was extracted by Chelex-100 and silica bead methods and then multiplex amplified by AmpF?詛STRTM IdentifilerTM Plus PCR kits. The results of STR typing were compared between different groups. Results DNA were extracted immediately after benzidine test. Totally STR loci （3.80±1.34） were detected by silica bead method, while no STR loci were obtained by Chelex-100 method. Thirteen samples （21.7%） with whole STR typing results were obtained by drying after benzidine test, and the STR locus number （12.90±1.49） which obtained by silica bead method was much higher than by Chelex-100 method （4.70±1.96） （P<0.05）. When DNA was extracted immediately after the addition of glacial acetic acid, the STR locus number was （9.40±2.09） by silica bead method, but no STR typing result was obtained by Chelex-100 method. All 15 STR loci could be obtained by only adding glacial acetic acid after drying and only adding tetramethylbenzidine alcoholization liquid or 3% hydrogen peroxide liquid. Conclusion Benzidine test has significant influence on DNA analysis of bloodstain. The Chelex-100 method is not suitable for the DNA extraction of bloodstain after benzidine test. Drying after benzidine test and silica bead methods can effectively enhance the STR locus number of bloodstain. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of RapidHITTM 200 System in Forensic Medicine SUN Shuai, TIAN Yu-miao, TANG Ji-ming，et al 2018, 34(2): 161-164.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2018.02.012 Abstract ( 129 )   PDF (824KB) ( 509 )   Objective To validate the analysis capability of RapidHITTM 200 system for four kinds of routine forensic samples and the recyclable capability of template, template DNA and PCR products in the process of twice duplicate detection. Methods The buccal swabs underwent the test twice by RapidHITTM 200 system, and the template DNA and PCR products that arose in the system were also tested for two times. After four kinds of routine forensic samples were detected by RapidHITTM 200 system, the follow-up tests of the template, template DNA and PCR products that arose in the system were performed. Results The STR loci could be detected in the buccal swabs by the system for the first time. However, part of the STR loci lost during the second test. And the peak value obtained in the second test was significantly reduced than the one in the first time. The average STR loci detection rates of the template DNA and PCR products were both less than 50% in the second test, which were significantly reduced than that in the first test. In addition, the analysis capability of the system for the tissues and buccal swabs was better than that for the blood and cigarette butts. Compared with the first test, the STR loci detection rate of the tested items, template DNA and PCR products decreased with the numbers of tests. Conclusion RapidHITTM 200 system is more effective in retesting buccal swabs than other samples, whereas the items, DNA template, PCR products obtained in the first and second time cannot be directly used for the further application and study of forensic medicine. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Postmortem Interval Estimation by Vitreous Humor YANG Ming-zhen, ZHANG Tian-ye, LI Hui-jun，et al 2018, 34(2): 165-170.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2018.02.013 Abstract ( 215 )   PDF (674KB) ( 569 )   Postmortem interval （PMI） estimation is one of the most challenging problems in the field of forensic science. Vitreous humor is a hotspot which has been used for PMI estimation and postmortem chemical analysis in forensic pathology. In order to provide novel perspectives for the future research of PMI estimation using vitreous humor, the comparison between vitreous humor with other common body fluids, the effect of temperature on vitreous humor, vitreous humor detection method and data fitting method have been reviewed in this paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Status on Off-label Use in Appraisal for Medical Malpractice LENG Bing-ning, WANG Xu 2018, 34(2): 171-174.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2018.02.014 Abstract ( 159 )   PDF (639KB) ( 586 )   Off-label use is widely happened in medical practice. But for now, there is no clear legalistic demarcation for the behaviour of off-label use. Even in medical and legal fields, the consensus has not been reached. Once the behaviour of off-label use caused medical damage, it is difficult for appraisal profession to provide a clear demarcation. This article reviews the status of clinical domestic and foreign off-label use, the research status in the fields of laws and regulations and the basic consensus of domestic off-label use, for peer reference. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Function Evaluation Standard and Method of Lower Extremity Impairment ZHANG Min, FAN Li-hua, RAN Dan,et al 2018, 34(2): 175-180.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2018.02.015 Abstract ( 158 )   PDF (665KB) ( 638 )   The lower extremity impairment can be caused by illness, accident, work-related injury, traffic accident and fighting, etc. The injuries of lower extremity joint, nerve, muscle and tendon may lead to lower extremity dysfunction. So far, there is no unified standard for international and domestic function evaluation of lower extremity impairment, the evaluation standards in the same field are also different, and function evaluation of lower extremity impairment has no complete research system. However, the degree of lower extremity impairment has great influence on personal damage compensation. Therefore, the function evaluation of lower extremity impairment often becomes a dispute issue in forensic medicine identification. This article summarizes the function evaluation standards, methods and status quo of lower extremity impairment, so as to provide a new insight into the research on standardization of lower extremity impairment. Related Articles | Metrics

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2018, 34(2): 202-203,205.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2018.02.022 Abstract ( 147 )   PDF (768KB) ( 563 )   Related Articles | Metrics