法医学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 443-455.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2025.550403

• 法医微生物学专题 • 上一篇    

皮肤微生物组:拓展法医学证据维度及面临的挑战

张晗1,2(), 黄馨1,2(), 陈安琪1,2, 陈吉1,2, 路艳芳1,2, 曾建业1,2, 王翔1,2()   

  1. 1.复旦大学法庭科学研究院,上海 200032
    2.复旦大学法医学与法庭科学学院,上海 200032
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-14 发布日期:2026-01-27 出版日期:2025-10-25
  • 通讯作者: 王翔
  • 作者简介:张晗(1993—),男,博士研究生,主要从事法医遗传学和法医微生物学研究;E-mail:zhanghan_@fudan.edu.cn
    黄馨(1998—),女,博士研究生,主要从事法医遗传学和法医微生物学研究;E-mail:23111010069@m.fudan.edu.cn
    第一联系人:张晗和黄馨为共同第一作者

Skin Microbiome: Expanding Dimensions and Challenges in Forensic Evidence

Han ZHANG1,2(), Xin HUANG1,2(), An-qi CHEN1,2, Ji CHEN1,2, Yan-fang LU1,2, Jian-ye ZENG1,2, Xiang WANG1,2()   

  1. 1.Institute of Forensic Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    2.School of Forensic Medicine and Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
  • Received:2025-04-14 Online:2026-01-27 Published:2025-10-25
  • Contact: Xiang WANG

摘要:

皮肤微生物组以其数量庞大、高度多样化、显著的个体特异性及动态可追溯性而成为宿主重要的生物学标志。其组成与变化受宿主生理状态及外部环境的双重影响,与宿主表型呈现出密切的“镜像”关系。这种独特的“微生物指纹”不仅拓宽了法医学证据的获取途径,还为法医学研究和实践提供了全新的视角与发展契机。本文综述了皮肤微生物多样性的生理结构基础及个体特异性的形成机制,分析其在法医学应用中的独特优势与技术路径,概述近年来相关研究的进展,探讨皮肤微生物标记在法医学领域的未来发展潜力及面临的主要挑战,并提出具有实践意义的建议。

关键词: 法医学, 法医微生物学, 皮肤微生物组, 微生物指纹, 内外环境因素, 综述

Abstract:

The skin microbiome, characterized by its vast abundance, high diversity, pronounced individual specificity, and dynamic traceability, serves as a significant biological marker of the host. Its composition and variation are influenced by both the host’s physiological states and external environmental factors, exhibiting a close “mirror” relationship with host phenotypes. This unique “microbial fingerprint” not only expands the sources of forensic evidence but also offers new perspectives and opportunities for the advancement of forensic research and practice. This paper reviews the physiological and structural foundations underlying skin microbial diversity and the mechanisms that shape individual specificity, analyzes its unique advantages and technical approaches in forensic applications, outlines recent research progress, explores the future potential and major challenges of using skin microbiome markers in forensic science, and proposes practical recommendations.

Key words: forensic medicine, forensic microbiology, skin microbiome, microbial fingerprint, external and internal environmental factors, review

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