法医学杂志

法医学杂志 ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 475-481.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2018.05.004

所属专题： 死亡时间推断

• 专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

高通量测序在尸体微生物及死亡时间推断中的应用

符晓亮1，郭娟娟1，刘卓鹰1，沈  肖2，蔡继峰1   

  1. 1. 中南大学基础医学院法医学系，湖南 长沙 410013； 2. 拉萨市柳梧新通站拉萨铁路公安处，西藏 拉萨 850000
  • 发布日期:2018-10-25 出版日期:2018-10-28
  • 通讯作者: 蔡继峰，男，博士，教授，博士研究生导师，主要从事法医病理学、法医昆虫学研究；E-mail：cjf_jifeng@163.com
  • 作者简介:符晓亮（1988—），男，硕士研究生，主要从事法医病理学研究；E-mail：fuxiaoliang8893@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上资助项目（81571855）

Application of High-throughput Sequencing in Researches of Cadaveric Microorganisms and Postmortem Interval Estimation

FU Xiao-liang1, GUO Juan-juan1, LIU Zhuo-ying1, SHEN Xiao2, CAI Ji-feng1   

  1. 1. Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; 2. Public Security Department of Lhasa, Liuwu Xintong Railway Station of Lhasa, Lhasa 850000, China
  • Online:2018-10-25 Published:2018-10-28

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摘要： 腐生生物是引起尸体组织腐解的主要因素，研究腐败过程中微生物的演替规律是法医微生物学（forensic microbiology）的主要任务之一。尸体、环境及微生物间相互作用关系复杂，而微生物演替规律的研究依赖于从宏观角度监测各腐败节点菌群组成及群落多样性改变。随着高通量测序（high-throughput sequencing，HTS）技术的成熟和发展，不同环境中微生物菌群结构和多样性被逐一解读，同时也为探索尸体微生物打开了新的突破口。利用HTS技术挖掘尸体腐败过程中微生物群落的演替规律，诠释各种腐败现象的本质，成为法医微生物学新的研究热点，可为死亡时间（postmortem interval，PMI）推断提供新的参考依据。本文针对利用尸体微生物推断PMI的研究进行综述，基于目前HTS技术在探索腐败微生物演替规律中的应用，探讨该技术在法医微生物学研究中存在的问题及应用前景。

关键词: 法医学, 微生物学, 遗传学, 微生物, 高通量测序, 尸体, 死亡时间, 综述

Abstract: Necrobiome is the main factor causing the cadaver decomposition. Studying the microbial succession during decomposition is one of the main tasks of forensic microbiology. The interactive relationships among cadaver, environment and microorganisms are complicated. The microbial succession study relies on macroscopic monitoring of community composition and the diversity change in each decomposition stage. With the maturity and development of high-throughput sequencing （HTS）, the structure and diversity of microbial communities in different environments have been successively revealed. A new breakthrough to explore the cadaveric microorganisms has been opened as well. It has become the research hotspots in forensic microbiology to reveal the microbial succession in the process of cadaver decomposition and to interpret the essence of various decomposition phenomena by using HTS, which can provide a new reference for postmortem interval （PMI） estimation. The present paper reviews studies on PMI estimation by using cadaveric microorganism. Problems and application prospects of forensic microbiology studies are discussed on the basis of the current application of HTS technology in the exploration of microbial succession.

Key words: forensic science, microbiology, genetics, microorganism, high-throughput sequencing, cadaver, postmortem interval, review