法医学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 267-276.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.340402

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

台式低场核磁共振技术的发展及其在禁毒领域中的应用

廖琦1,2(), 刘永红1, 焦英1, 杨晓莹1, 杨怡华1, 刘翠梅3(), 高瑞霞2()   

  1. 1.国家毒品实验室陕西分中心(陕西省公安厅毒品技术中心) 陕西省毒品分析与毒情智慧监测研究重点实验室,陕西 西安 710115
    2.西安交通大学化学学院,陕西 西安 710049
    3.公安部禁毒情报技术中心 毒品监测管控与禁毒关键技术公安部重点实验室,北京 100193
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-01 发布日期:2025-08-29 出版日期:2025-06-25
  • 通讯作者: 刘翠梅,高瑞霞
  • 作者简介:廖琦(1994—),男,博士,工程师,主要从事毒物毒理学研究;E-mail:240380718@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3300902);公安部科技计划项目(2021JC23)

Development of Benchtop Low‑Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Technology and Its Application in Drug Control Field

Qi LIAO1,2(), Yong-hong LIU1, Ying JIAO1, Xiao-ying YANG1, Yi-hua YANG1, Cui-mei LIU3(), Rui-xia GAO2()   

  1. 1.National Anti-Drug Laboratory Shaanxi Regional Center, Anti-Drug Technology Center of Shaanxi Provincial Public Security Department, Key Laboratory of Drugs Analysis & Intelligent-Montoring, Xi’an 710115, China
    2.School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
    3.Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100193, China
  • Received:2024-04-01 Online:2025-08-29 Published:2025-06-25
  • Contact: Cui-mei LIU, Rui-xia GAO

摘要:

目前,以新精神活性物质为代表的毒品替代物逐渐流行,查缉中对未知结构的新型毒品鉴定需求不断增加。核磁共振是解析分子结构的重要工具,在没有标准物质的情况下,定量核磁可完成复杂混合物中目标物的定量分析,在新型毒品、制毒前体研究中具有独一无二的优势。高场超导核磁共振波谱仪因受限于场地、维护成本和相对复杂的操作过程,在毒品研究中应用较少。近几年发展的台式低场核磁共振波谱仪则提供了一种新的替代方案,由于使用永磁体,其体积减小,运行维护成本降低,已广泛应用于多个研究领域。本文回顾了低场核磁技术的发展,综述了台式低场核磁共振波谱法在可疑物筛查及鉴别、快速含量测定、制毒工艺与合成路线研判和关联性溯源中的研究应用历程,展望了该技术在毒品研究中的前景和发展方向,旨在对从事分析化学和毒品研究相关工作及研究人员提供参考。

关键词: 法医学, 毒物分析, 核磁共振, 低场核磁共振, 台式核磁共振波谱仪, 新精神活性物质, 综述

Abstract:

At present, the drug substitutes represented by new psychoactive substances are gradually becoming popular, leading to an increasing demand for identifying novel drugs with unknown structures in drug investigation. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an important tool for analyzing molecular structures. In the absence of standard substances, quantitative NMR (qNMR) can undertake the quantitative analysis of target substances in complex mixtures and has unique advantages in the research of new drugs and their precursor drugs. Due to the limitations of the site and maintenance costs, as well as relatively complex operation, high-field superconducting NMR is less commonly applied in drug research. The desktop low‑field NMR developed in recent years provides a new alternative solution. Due to the use of permanent magnets, its size is reduced, and the operation and maintenance costs are lowered. It has been widely used in various research fields. This article reviews the development of low-field NMR technology, summarizes the application of desktop low-field NMR in screening and identification of suspicious substances, rapid content determination, analysis of drug manufacturing processes and synthetic routes, and correlation traceability. It also looks forward to the prospects and development directions of this technology in drug research, aiming to provide a reference for researchers who work in analytical chemistry and drug research.

Key words: forensic medicine, toxicological analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR), benchtop NMR, new psychoactive substance, review

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