法医学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 326-339.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2025.350409

• 论著快检技术赋能法医毒物学多场景应用专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于核酸适配体功能化氧化石墨烯荧光传感器检测氯胺酮及去甲氯胺酮

韦丽霞1,2,3(), 刘波1,2,3, 杨小圆1,2,3, 张茜1,2,3, 兰艺凤1,2,3, 张潮1,2,3, 贾娟1,2,3, 张丹1,2,3, 尉志文1,2,3, 贠克明1,2,3(), 陈哲1,2,3()   

  1. 1.山西医科大学法医学院,山西 晋中 030600
    2.法庭毒物分析公安部重点实验室,山西 晋中 030600
    3.法医学山西省重点实验室,山西 晋中 030600
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-23 发布日期:2025-11-25 出版日期:2025-08-25
  • 通讯作者: 贠克明,陈哲
  • 作者简介:韦丽霞(1998—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事法医毒物分析和核酸适配体筛选研究;E-mail:weilxlucky@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFC3302003);国家自然科学基金资助项目(82101980);国家自然科学基金资助项目(82402204);山西省重点研发计划资助项目(202302130501007)

Detection of Ketamine and Norketamine Using an Aptamer-Functionalized Graphene Oxide Fluorescent Sensor

Li-xia WEI1,2,3(), Bo LIU1,2,3, Xiao-yuan YANG1,2,3, Xi ZHANG1,2,3, Yi-feng LAN1,2,3, Chao ZHANG1,2,3, Juan JIA1,2,3, Dan ZHANG1,2,3, Zhi-wen WEI1,2,3, Ke-ming YUN1,2,3(), Zhe CHEN1,2,3()   

  1. 1.School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
    2.Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Ministry of Public Security, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
    3.Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2025-04-23 Online:2025-11-25 Published:2025-08-25
  • Contact: Ke-ming YUN, Zhe CHEN

摘要:

目的 利用能同时识别氯胺酮及其代谢物去甲氯胺酮的核酸适配体,构建核酸适配体羧基化氧化石墨烯(carboxylated graphene oxide,CGO)荧光传感器,实现氯胺酮及去甲氯胺酮的高灵敏、高特异性检测。 方法 采用氧化石墨烯-指数富集配体系统进化技术(graphene oxide-systematic evolution of ligand by exponential enrichment,GO-SELEX)结合分子对接技术筛选出能同时识别氯胺酮及去甲氯胺酮的特异性核酸适配体。将适配体标记Cy5荧光并通过化学偶联反应与CGO结合,构建核酸适配体功能化CGO荧光传感器。通过优化CGO质量浓度、核酸适配体浓度、反应温度及孵育时间等检测条件,利用加入靶标前后的荧光强度变化比率实现目标物的定量分析。通过检测传感器在空白血液、尿液中荧光强度随孵育时间的变化,评估其与传统物理吸附CGO荧光传感器在生物检材中的稳定性;通过空白血液、尿液加标回收实验,比较其与HPLC-MS/MS的检测性能。 结果 筛选得到特异性核酸适配体A5,并与CGO化学偶联构建荧光传感器。在优化条件下,该荧光传感器对氯胺酮的线性检测范围为1.0~5.0 ng/mL,检出限(limit of detection,LOD)为0.86 ng/mL;对去甲氯胺酮的线性检测范围为1.0~5.0 ng/mL,LOD为0.70 ng/mL。与物理吸附构建的CGO荧光传感器相比,本传感器在血液、尿液中表现出更高的生物稳定性。空白血液、尿液中氯胺酮及去甲氯胺酮的加标回收率为81.50%~110.03%,表现出与HPLC-MS/MS相当的检测性能。 结论 核酸适配体筛选方法可为毒(药)物原体及其代谢物的适配体筛选提供新的思路,所构建的核酸适配体功能化CGO荧光传感器可为氯胺酮及去甲氯胺酮的高效、可靠检测提供新方法。

关键词: 法医学, 毒物分析, 氯胺酮, 去甲氯胺酮, 氧化石墨烯-指数富集配体系统进化技术, 核酸适配体, 化学偶联, 荧光传感器

Abstract:

Objective To construct an aptamer-functionalized carboxylated graphene oxide (CGO) fluorescent sensor to achieve highly sensitive and specific detection of ketamine (KET) and its metabolite norketamine (NK) using an aptamer capable of simultaneously recognizing KET and NK. Methods A specific aptamer for simultaneous recognition of KET and NK was screened using graphene oxide-systematic evolution of ligand by exponential enrichment (GO-SELEX) and molecular docking techniques. The aptamer, labeled with Cy5 fluorescence, was chemically conjugated to CGO to construct an aptamer-functionalized CGO fluorescent sensor. By optimizing detection conditions, including the mass concentration of CGO, aptamer concentration, reaction temperature, and incubation time, quantitative analysis of the target analytes was achieved using the ratio of fluorescence intensity changes before and after target addition. The stability of the sensor in biological matrices was evaluated by monitoring fluorescence intensity changes over incubation time in blank blood and urine, in comparison with the traditional physical adsorption-based CGO fluorescent sensor. Spiked recovery experiments in blank blood and urine were conducted to compare performance with that of HPLC-MS/MS. Results A specific aptamer A5 was selected and chemically conjugated with CGO to construct the aptamer-functionalized CGO fluorescent sensor. Under optimized conditions, the proposed fluorescent sensor exhibited a linear detection range of 1.0-5.0 ng/mL for KET, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.86 ng/mL; while for NK, the linear detection range was 1.0-5.0 ng/mL, with an LOD of 0.70 ng/mL. Compared with the CGO fluorescent sensor constructed via physical adsorption, this sensor demonstrated greater stability in blood and urine. The spiked recovery rates of KET and NK in blank blood and urine ranged from 81.50% to 110.03%, exhibiting detection performance comparable to that of HPLC-MS/MS. Conclusion The aptamer screening method offers a novel approach for selecting aptamers targeting drugs and their metabolites. The constructed aptamer-functionalized CGO fluorescent sensor provides an efficient and reliable strategy for the high-performance detection of KET and NK.

Key words: forensic medicine, toxicological analysis, ketamine, norketamine, graphene oxide-systematic evolution of ligand by exponential enrichment (GO-SELEX), aptamer, chemical conjugation, fluorescent sensor

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