法医学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 314-325.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2025.350605

• 综述快检技术赋能法医毒物学多场景应用专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

新型功能材料在新精神活性物质快速检测中的研究进展

田一鸣1,2(), 严一博1(), 文迪2, 施妍1,2()   

  1. 1.司法鉴定科学研究院 上海市法医学重点实验室 司法部司法鉴定重点实验室 上海市司法鉴定专业技术服务平台,上海 200063
    2.河北医科大学法医学院 河北省法医学重点实验室 河北省法医分子鉴定协同创新中心,河北 石家庄 050017
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-11-25 出版日期:2025-08-25
  • 通讯作者: 施妍
  • 作者简介:田一鸣(2002—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事法医毒物分析研究;E-mail:496789689@qq.com
    严一博(1994—),男,助理研究员,主要从事法医毒物分析研究;E-mail:yanyb@ssfjd.cn
    第一联系人:田一鸣和严一博为共同第一作者
  • 基金资助:
    上海市东方英才计划青年项目(QNKJ2024032);上海市扬帆计划资助项目(24YF2747200);上海市法医学重点实验室资助项目(21DZ2270800)

Research Progress on the Application of Novel Functional Materials for Rapid Detection of New Psychoactive Substances

Yi-ming TIAN1,2(), Yi-bo YAN1(), Di WEN2, Yan SHI1,2()   

  1. 1.Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
    2.Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
  • Received:2025-06-20 Online:2025-11-25 Published:2025-08-25
  • Contact: Yan SHI

摘要:

新精神活性物质(new psychoactive substances,NPS)具有更迭速度快、种类繁多、滥用潜力强等特征,已成为公共安全的重大威胁。目前,针对NPS的鉴识,在检测技术的时效性、灵敏度、准确度、抗基质干扰能力等方面均面临一定挑战。新型功能材料(novel functional materials,NFM)凭借高比表面积、可设计性、特异性识别能力及信号放大效应等特点,为NPS快速检测技术的革新提供了全新路径。本文系统综述了近十年来NFM在NPS快速检测中的创新应用,通过归纳与分析NFM在实验室检测和现场快速筛查中的研究与应用,总结了不同类型材料的特点与优势,结合智能化材料设计、跨学科融合及便携式集成设备的发展趋势,为NPS的快速检测方法开发提供理论参考,有助于提升禁毒实战中NPS的快速识别水平。

关键词: 法医学, 毒物分析, 新精神活性物质, 新型功能材料, 快速检测, 综述

Abstract:

New psychoactive substances (NPS) have the characteristics of rapid turnover, wide varieties, and high abuse potential. It has become a major threat to global public safety. Currently, the forensic identification of NPS faces certain challenges in detection methods for effectiveness, sensitivity, accuracy and resistance to matrix interference. Novel functional materials (NFM), with their high specific surface area, designability, specific recognition capability and signal amplification effects, provide a new path for advancing rapid detection techniques for NPS. This paper systematically reviews the innovative applications of NFM in the rapid detection of NPS over the past decade. By summarizing and analyzing the research and applications of NFM in laboratory detection and on-site rapid screening, it outlines the characteristics and advantages of different types of materials. Combined with the development trends of NFM in intelligent material design, interdisciplinary integration and portable integrated devices, it provides theoretical references for the development of rapid detection methods for NPS, which is conducive to improving the rapid detection ability of NPS in “anti-drug combat”.

Key words: forensic medicine, toxicological analysis, new psychoactive substances, novel functional materials, rapid detection, review

中图分类号: