Journal of Forensic Medicine ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 276-283.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.330802

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Research Progress on Detection of New Psychoactive Substance Piperazines in vivo

Jin-ting LIU1,2(), Li-ying ZHOU1, Jia-hong XIANG1, Zi-yi LI1, Wan-ting XIE1, Ke-ming YUN1,2, Yan SHI1()   

  1. 1.Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China
    2.School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2023-08-22 Online:2024-08-20 Published:2024-06-25
  • Contact: Yan SHI

Abstract:

Piperazines are a class of new psychoactive substances with hallucinogenic effects that affect the central nervous system by affecting the level of monoamine neurotransmitters. Abuse of piperazines will produce stimulating and hallucinogenic effects, accompanied by headache, dizziness, anxiety, insomnia, vomiting, chest pain, tachycardia, hypertension and other adverse reactions, and may even cause cardiovascular diseases and multiple organ failure and lead to death, seriously affecting human physical and mental health and public safety. The abuse of new psychoactive substance piperazines has attracted extensive attention from the international community. The study of its pharmacological toxicology and analytical methods has become a research hotspot in the field of forensic medicine. This paper reviews the in vivo processes, sample treatment and analytical methods of existing piperazines, in order to provide reference for forensic identification.

Key words: forensic toxicology, new psychoactive substances, piperazines, in vivo, high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, review

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