Research Progress on Biological Evidence Identification in Fire Scenes

doi:10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.520501

Abstract

Abstract:

Biological evidence is relatively common evidence in criminal cases, and it has strong probative power because it carries DNA information for individual identification. At the scene of fire-related cases, the complex thermal environment, the escape of trapped people, the firefighting and rescue operations, and the deliberate destruction of criminal suspects will all affect the biological evidence in the fire scene. Scholars at home and abroad have explored and studied the effectiveness of biological evidence identification in fire scenes, and found that the blood stains, semen stains, bones, etc. are the main biological evidence which can be easily recovered with DNA in fire scenes. In order to analyze the research status and development trend of biological evidence in fire scenes, this paper systematically sorts out the relevant research, mainly including the soot removal technology, appearance method of typical biological evidence, and possibility of identifying other biological evidence. This paper also prospects the next step of research direction, in order to provide reference for the identification of biological evidence and improve the value of biological evidence in fire scenes.

Key words: forensic genetics, biological evidence, fire scene, individual identification, review

CLC Number:

Yan-ru YAO, Jing JIN, Ying-jie WANG, Jin-zhuan ZHANG, Ying-zhe LI, Yong-xin XU. Research Progress on Biological Evidence Identification in Fire Scenes[J]. Journal of Forensic Medicine, 2024, 40(1): 64-69.

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URL: http://www.fyxzz.cn/EN/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.520501

http://www.fyxzz.cn/EN/Y2024/V40/I1/64

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References 37

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方法	显色表现	优点	缺点	参考文献
鲁米诺	血迹与鲁米诺试剂在紫外光下会产生蓝色荧光现象	简单方便，并且可以在1 000 ℃高温下显现血迹	对漂白剂、植物中的过氧化物酶容易出现假阳性	[5，21]
蓝星	血迹与改性后的鲁米诺试剂分子产生化学反应发光（蓝光）	对DNA无不利影响，火灾作用后血迹仍会释放极强的亮光，可重复喷涂	保质期和发光时间短，须在光线暗的地方才能使用，铜盐会导致假阳性	[22]
荧光素	喷在血迹表面会在蓝色光下发出绿色荧光	发光时间长	容易出现假阳性，发光强度低	[25]
无色结晶紫	与血迹发生颜色反应形成深蓝色或紫色的产物	操作方便，十分适合于多孔载体	用于火灾作用严重的血迹容易造成部分丧失	[26]

方法	显色表现	优点	缺点	参考文献
鲁米诺	血迹与鲁米诺试剂在紫外光下会产生蓝色荧光现象	简单方便，并且可以在1 000 ℃高温下显现血迹	对漂白剂、植物中的过氧化物酶容易出现假阳性	[5，21]
蓝星	血迹与改性后的鲁米诺试剂分子产生化学反应发光（蓝光）	对DNA无不利影响，火灾作用后血迹仍会释放极强的亮光，可重复喷涂	保质期和发光时间短，须在光线暗的地方才能使用，铜盐会导致假阳性	[22]
荧光素	喷在血迹表面会在蓝色光下发出绿色荧光	发光时间长	容易出现假阳性，发光强度低	[25]
无色结晶紫	与血迹发生颜色反应形成深蓝色或紫色的产物	操作方便，十分适合于多孔载体	用于火灾作用严重的血迹容易造成部分丧失	[26]

精斑显现方法	显色表现	优点	缺点	参考文献
α-萘磷酸钠、坚牢蓝B	共同作用使精斑中的酸性磷酸酶产生深紫色	反应快速，适合用于火灾现场	不适用于老化精子，有假阳性现象	[7]
特定光源照明	精斑中的特定分子，如黄素和胆碱类合蛋白会发出荧光	快捷方便，可以选择多种照明设备并反射出多种颜色的光	背景物可能造成干扰	[31]

精斑显现方法	显色表现	优点	缺点	参考文献
α-萘磷酸钠、坚牢蓝B	共同作用使精斑中的酸性磷酸酶产生深紫色	反应快速，适合用于火灾现场	不适用于老化精子，有假阳性现象	[7]
特定光源照明	精斑中的特定分子，如黄素和胆碱类合蛋白会发出荧光	快捷方便，可以选择多种照明设备并反射出多种颜色的光	背景物可能造成干扰	[31]

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