 
    Journal of Forensic Medicine ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 260-266.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.540306
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													Yi-fan BAI1,2( ), He-miao ZHAO2, Jing CHEN2, Hong-di LIU2, Rui-qin YANG1(
), He-miao ZHAO2, Jing CHEN2, Hong-di LIU2, Rui-qin YANG1( ), Chong WANG2(
), Chong WANG2( )
)
												  
						
						
						
					
				
Received:2024-03-25
															
							
															
							
															
							
																	Online:2025-09-15
															
							
																	Published:2025-06-25
															
						Contact:
								Rui-qin YANG, Chong WANG   
													CLC Number:
Yi-fan BAI, He-miao ZHAO, Jing CHEN, Hong-di LIU, Rui-qin YANG, Chong WANG. Application of Forensic Transcriptomics in the Identification of Tissue Origin of Body Fluid Stains[J]. Journal of Forensic Medicine, 2025, 41(3): 260-266.
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| 种类 | 长度/bp | 主要功能 | 应用优点 | 应用缺点 | 
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mRNA | 几百到几千 | 将DNA中的遗传信息传递到核糖体 | mRNA可与DNA共提取[ | 不同mRNA标记之间可能存在交叉反应;mRNA稳定性较差[ | 
| miRNA | 20~24 | 与mRNA结合,通过调节mRNA的稳定性和翻译效率来影响基因表达 | miRNA长度较短,稳定性较好,在陈旧及复杂样本中的检测具有较高的稳定性[ | 需要用qPCR、二代测序等仪器分析,对技术、设备要求较高;miRNA表达水平与疾病密切相关[ | 
| circRNA | 几百到几千 | 吸附并中和miRNA,从而解除miRNA对其目标mRNA的抑制作用 | circRNA稳定性强,可以抵抗RNA酶消化[ | 单独检测能力差,需要与mRNA标记联合检测 | 
| piRNA | 24~32 | 与Piwi蛋白家族成员结合,主要在生殖细胞中发挥作用,参与调控基因表达和维持基因组稳定性 | 长度较短,3′末端核苷酸的2′-O-甲基化修饰有助于提高稳定性;能较好地区分有生殖细胞的体液和没有生殖细胞的体液[ | 与生殖细胞高度相关,对于其他体液斑迹识别能力差,应用范围有限 | 
| lncRNA | >200 | 长度较长,可以形成复杂的二级和三级结构 | 可利用lncRNA中的SNP和InDel进行基因分型,从而进行个体识别 | 目前对lncRNA在不同体液中表达谱的了解仍然有限,这限制了lncRNA在体液斑迹鉴定中的应用范围 | 
| 微生物转录组 | 因种类而异 | 负责微生物的蛋白质合成、基因表达调控 | 能够反映不同体液组织中较为活跃的微生物类型,具有较好的组织特异性 | 微生物转录组的检测对技术、设备要求较高且数据分析难度大;微生物转录组表达受个体、环境因素影响大 | 
Tab. 1 Application of different types of transcriptomes in the identification of body fluid stains Continued Tab. 1
| 种类 | 长度/bp | 主要功能 | 应用优点 | 应用缺点 | 
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mRNA | 几百到几千 | 将DNA中的遗传信息传递到核糖体 | mRNA可与DNA共提取[ | 不同mRNA标记之间可能存在交叉反应;mRNA稳定性较差[ | 
| miRNA | 20~24 | 与mRNA结合,通过调节mRNA的稳定性和翻译效率来影响基因表达 | miRNA长度较短,稳定性较好,在陈旧及复杂样本中的检测具有较高的稳定性[ | 需要用qPCR、二代测序等仪器分析,对技术、设备要求较高;miRNA表达水平与疾病密切相关[ | 
| circRNA | 几百到几千 | 吸附并中和miRNA,从而解除miRNA对其目标mRNA的抑制作用 | circRNA稳定性强,可以抵抗RNA酶消化[ | 单独检测能力差,需要与mRNA标记联合检测 | 
| piRNA | 24~32 | 与Piwi蛋白家族成员结合,主要在生殖细胞中发挥作用,参与调控基因表达和维持基因组稳定性 | 长度较短,3′末端核苷酸的2′-O-甲基化修饰有助于提高稳定性;能较好地区分有生殖细胞的体液和没有生殖细胞的体液[ | 与生殖细胞高度相关,对于其他体液斑迹识别能力差,应用范围有限 | 
| lncRNA | >200 | 长度较长,可以形成复杂的二级和三级结构 | 可利用lncRNA中的SNP和InDel进行基因分型,从而进行个体识别 | 目前对lncRNA在不同体液中表达谱的了解仍然有限,这限制了lncRNA在体液斑迹鉴定中的应用范围 | 
| 微生物转录组 | 因种类而异 | 负责微生物的蛋白质合成、基因表达调控 | 能够反映不同体液组织中较为活跃的微生物类型,具有较好的组织特异性 | 微生物转录组的检测对技术、设备要求较高且数据分析难度大;微生物转录组表达受个体、环境因素影响大 | 
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