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28 October 2007, Volume 23 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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A Study on the Time-dependent Expression of Phospho-p38MAPK during the Skin Incised Wound Healing in Mice ZHANG JIAN-JUN;GUAN DA-WEI;YANG DA-LI (SCHOOL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;CHINA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;SHENYANG 000;CHINA) 2007, 0(5): 321-324+.  Abstract ( 2065 )   Objective To investigate the expressions of phospho-p38MAPK(p-p38MAPK) during the incised wound healing of the skin in mice and to explore the applicability of the time-dependent expressions of p-p38MAPK in the determination of wound age. Methods The expression of p-p38MAPK in incised skin wound was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results There was a minimal baseline expression of p-p38MAPK in control mouse skin. Expression of p-p38MAPK was mainly detectable in neutrophils in the wound specimens from 3 hours to 12 hours after injury. Afterwards,the p-p38MAPK positive cells were mostly mononuclear cells and fibroblasts between post-injury day 1 and day 5,whereas the p-p38MAPK positive cells were mostly fibroblasts between post-injury day 7 and day 14. Morphometrically,the ratio of the p-p38MAPK positive cells to total number of the cells increased gradually in the wound specimens aged from 3 hours to 12 hours,and maximized in the wound specimens aged 12 hours with a slight decrease at 24 hours after injury. The ratio maintained at high level from post-injury day 3 to day 5,and then decreased gradually from post-injury day 7 to day 14. The expression of p-p38MAPK was observed throughout the wound healing stages by Western blot as well with a peak expression occurring between 12 hour and day 3 after injury. Conclusion Our data suggest that p-p38MAPK may play an important role in inducing apoptosis of neutrophils,mononuclear cells,and fibroblasts during skin wound healing and meanwhile,p-p38MAPK may be a potentially useful marker for wound age determination. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Study on the Time-Dependent Expression of Caspase-6 during Repair of Skin Contusion in Rats PENG XUE;GUAN DA-WEI;WANG QI (SCHOOL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;CHINA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;SHENYANG 000;CHINA) 2007, 0(5): 325-327+.  Abstract ( 1894 )   Objective To investigate the expression of caspase-6 in rat skin contusion and its surrounding areas during repairment. Methods Immunohistochemical SP method and Western blot technique were used to study the expression and activation of caspase-6 in rat skin contusion and its surrounding areas. Results Weak expression of caspase-6 was detected in cytoplasms of polymorphonuchear cells (PMNs) infiltrated in the injured area at 3 hours post-contusion. The ratio of the caspase-6 positive cells was low (25.78±1.38)%. The expression of caspase-6 was increased prominently (47.70±5.14)% at 12 hours post-contusion. Almost all of the PMNs,mononuclear cells (MNCs) and fibroblastic cells (FBCs) were caspase-6 positive with both cytoplasm and nucleus staining (54.58±5.64)% on post-contusion day 3. The expression of caspase-6 decreased gradually thereafter. The expression of the 34-kDa pro-caspase-6 was detected by Western blot in both control and the post-contusion groups with time dependent dynamics. Conclusion These results suggest that caspase-6 may play a major role in trauma-induced inflammatory response. Since caspase-6 shows a timely dependent expression in PMNs,MNCs and FBCs during skin injury repair in rat,it may be used as a marker for the contusion age determination, Related Articles | Metrics

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A Study on miRNA Alternation after H_2O_2-induced PC12 Cell Apoptosis Using Microarray Technique WANG FEN;LI ZHAO-HUI (DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;ZHONGSHAN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE;SUN YAT-SEN UNIVERSITY;GUANGZHOU 000;CHINA) 2007, 0(5): 328-331.  Abstract ( 2222 )   Objective To screen the differentially expressed microRNAs(miRNA) between H2O2-induced PC12 cell apoptosis and normal PC12 cells with microarray chips. Methods PC12 cells were treated with different concentrations of H2O2 for 12 hours,and then the cell viabilities were evaluated by MTT assay and cell apoptosis rates were assessed by flow cytometry (FCM). miRNAs were isolated from control (0 nmol/L H2O2) and H2O2 treated (at concentrations of 50,100,200,and 400 nmol/L H2O2,respectively) groups of the PC12 cells,respectively,and were then detected and analyzed by microarray chips. Results The P12 cell viabilities in control and H2O2 treated group were (92±9.8)%,(90±14.70)%,(80±13.85)%,(54±12.23)%,and (22±7.35)%,respectively. The apoptosis rates for them were 2.6%,5.2%,7.2%,10.4%,16.6%,and 72.2% accordingly. Expression of 68 miRNAs and 46 miRNAs were detected in both control group and the H2O2 treated groups. Of the 46 miRNAs in the H2O2 treated groups,39 were similar to that of the control group and 6 were significantly down-regulated. Conclusion Our preliminary data may provide a new potential foundation for further study of pathogenesis and its treatment of nerve cell apoptosis caused by cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Related Articles | Metrics

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Sex Determination by Studying Head CT Film TAN QIU-FENG;GAO SHU-HONG;HUANG FEI-JUN (WEST CHINA SCHOOL OF PRECLINICAL AND FORENSIC MEDICINE;SICHUAN UNIVERSITY;CHENGDU 00;CHINA) 2007, 0(5): 332-334.  Abstract ( 2335 )   Objective To explore the methods for sex determination on head CT film. Methods To establish the sex determination equations by binary regression analysis of cranial skeletal indices obtained on head CT film. Results A single element equation by applying the index of the width of ansa capitis and a multi-element equation by applying multitude indices were established. Conclusion The equations for sex determination on head CT film were established. Related Articles | Metrics

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Image Analysis of Avulsion Fracture,Permanent Osteoepiphyte,Sesamoid and Accessory Bones WANG PENG;ZHU GUANG-YOU;FAN LI-HUA;CHENG YI-BIN;LU XIAO;DONG DA-AN;SHEN YAN;WANG XIN-LEI (.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;MEDICAL COLLEGE OF SOOCHOW UNIVERSITY;SUZHOU;CHINA;.INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCES;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R.CHINA; 2007, 0(5): 335-337.  Abstract ( 5456 )   Objective To investigate a method to distinguish avulsion fracture from sesamoid,accessory bone,and permanent osteoepiphyte. Methods Fourteen cases of suspicious avulsion fractures of articular portion of tubular bones were reviewed. Direct/indirect signs and the injury mechanism of avulsion fractures were analyzed and compared with permanent osteoepiphyte,sesamoid and accessory bones for their morphological characteristics. Results There are two cases of permanent osteoepiphytes,three cases of sesamoids,and three cases of accessory bones. These cases were characterized by smooth edges,contiguous bony cortex,without swelling of the surrounding soft tissue or obvious image changes after consecutive radiography. Conclusion It is fundamental in image analysis to distinguish avulsion fracture from physiological small osteoepiphyte,sesamoid bone,and aberrant accessory bone. Related Articles | Metrics

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Polymorphism of Five Short Tandem Repeat Systems in Chinese Han Population in Chengdu LI YING;LUO HAI-BO;SONG YAN-HUA;CHEN XIAO;LONG BIN;CHEN GUO-DI (WEST CHINA SCHOOL OF PRECLINICAL AND FORENSIC MEDICINE;SICHUAN UNIVERSITY;CHENGDU 00;CHINA) 2007, 0(5): 338-341.  Abstract ( 2029 )   Objective To obtain population genetic data of loci D11S4951,D11S4957,GATA193H05,D2S2951,and D6S2421 in Han population in Chengdu area and to validate the value of their forensic application. Methods Blood samples were collected in EDTA tubes from unrelated individuals. DNAs were extracted with Chelex-100 and were analyzed by PCR and horizontal PAGE followed by silver staining. Results Alleles 7,10,8,6 and 8 were found in 5 STR loci,respectively. No deviations from Hardy-Weinberg balance were observed. The heterozygosities observed were 0.743,0.772,0.833,0.650 and 0.800,respectively. The chances of exclusion were 0.497,0.549,0.662,0.356 and 0.599,and the discrimination powers were 0.863,0.912,0.947,0.829 and 0.931. Conclusion All of the five loci studied may be useful markers for individual identification and paternity testing. Related Articles | Metrics

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Validation the Haplotype Polymorphisms of the DXS7424-DXS101 on X-chromosome YU BING;TUO YA;GUI HONG-SHENG;LI SHENG-BIN (KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC SCIENCES;NATIONAL MINISTRY OF HEALTH;KEY LABORATORY OF MINISTRY OF EDUCATION FOR ENVIRONMENT AND GENES RELATED TO DISEASES;XI’AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY;XI’AN;00 CHINA) 2007, 0(5): 342-344.  Abstract ( 2404 )   Objective To validate the genetic characteristics and distribution of DXS7424-DXS101 on X chromosome in Han population. Methods DXS7424 and DXS101 loci were genotyped by PCR,PAGE and silvers stain methods. Their genetic parameters were analyzed by Arlequin software. Results There were 37 haplotypes detected in 151 Han unrelated males. The frequencies ranged from 0.006 6 to 0.139 1,with a GD value of 0.945 3 and a DP value of 0.938 9. Haplotypes 16-23 were the most common haplotypes in Han population. Conclusion Analysis of combined DXS7424 and DXS101 haplotypes appears to be a powerful means in population genetics and forensic practice for determination of identity and paternity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of D6S1043 and D12S391 loci in Forensic Paternity Testing GUO HONG;LIN YUAN;LIU YAN;QUE TING-ZHI;YAN PIN-HUA;ZHAO ZHEN-MIN;LI CHENG-TAO;LI LI (.MEDICAL SCHOOL OF SOOCHOW UNIVERSITY;SUZHOU;CHINA;.INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R.CHINA;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA) 2007, 0(5): 345-346.  Abstract ( 2080 )   Objective The aim was to investigate the polymorphisms of D6S1043 and D12S391 loci among Han population and evaluate their values in paternity testing. Methods By using fluorescence dye-labeled primers and capillary electrophoresis,the allele frequencies of the two STR loci among 192 unrelated individuals were investigated. Results Twelve alleles were observed in both D6S1043 and D12S391 loci. The ranges of allele frequencies were from 0.002 6 to 0.171 9 and from 0.002 6 to 0.229 2,respectively. The discrimination power of D6S1043 and D12S391 were 0.965 6 and 0.951 0. The Average exclusion probability in paternity testing for duos were 0.573 and 0.510. The Average exclusion probability in paternity testing for trios were 0.731 and 0.679,respectively. The genotypes frequencies met Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectation. Conclusion The results show that D6S1043 and D12S391 have high values in forensic paternity testing. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative research of the influence factors of DNA extraction of bloodstain on the filter paper with Chelex-100 method BA HUA-JIE;LIU BING-QUAN;MA JUN;ZHU AI-HUA;LIN ZI-QING (.CHANGZHOU PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU;CHANGZHOU 00;CHINA;.CHINA CRIMINAL POLICE COLLEGE;SHENYANG 00;CHINA) 2007, 0(5): 347-348.  Abstract ( 2138 )   Objective To improve DNA extraction from bloodstain on the filter paper and to establish a rapid,simple,and cost-effective method for DNA extraction suitable for database construction. Methods Seven hundred and fifty two aged bloodstains on filter paper were randomly divided into four groups. The four different DNA extraction methods were compared with each other,and two DNA extraction methods used for 63 fresh bloodstains on filter paper were also compared with each other. Results There were no statistically significant differences observed among the four DNA extraction methods (P>0.05) for aged bloodstains on filter paper. But the difference between the two DNA extraction methods for fresh bloodstains on filter paper was obviously (P<0.05). Conclusion Extraction of DNA samples from aged bloodstains on filter paper can be accomplished by using Chlex-100 methodology directly with no need to wash the bloodstains. Related Articles | Metrics

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Simultaneous Screening for 22 Poisonous Alkaloids in Blood by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Multiple-Reaction Monitoring LIU WEI;SHEN MIN;SHEN BAO-HUA;XIANG PING;WU HE-JIAN (.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;SHANGHAI MEDICAL COLLEGE;FUDAN UNIVERSITY;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA;. INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCES;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P. R. CHINA;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA) 2007, 0(5): 349-352.  Abstract ( 2611 )   Objective To establish a liquid chromatography-tandem mass chromatography (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous screening for 22 poisonous alkaloids in blood. Methods This method involves a liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with multiple-reaction monitoring(MRM). After blood was extracted with buprenorphine as the internal standard,the target compounds were analyzed with LC-MS/MS-ESI in the positive ionization mode. Results Identification was based on the compound′s retention time and two precursor-to-product ion transitions. The limits of detection ranged from 0.1ng/mL to 20 ng/mL in blood. Conclusion The method was sufficiently selective and sensitive to detect poisonous alkaloids and can be applied in forensic and clinical toxicology. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Diatom Detection Using Knead Pulp Method YE GUANG-HUA;YU LIN-SHENG;ZHANG YI-GU (. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;WENZHOU MEDICAL COLLEGE;WENZHOU 0;CHINA) 2007, 0(5): 355-357.  Abstract ( 2215 )   Objective A novel technology for detection of diatom was discussed. Methods Five grams of testing sample were taken and the organics were removed using simple mechanical knead pulp method. The homogenized samples were concentrated by centrifugation,smeared,and then examined under light microscope. Results Except for a few feather′s grains,the vast majority of diatom could be identified easily with clear diatom striations. The organic diatom could also be easily detected by this methodology. Conclusion The detection of diatom using knead pulp method is not only simple and inexpensive with a higher successful rate,but also causes nearly no harm to human and environment. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Retrospective Analysis of 23 Cases of Post-traumatic Abortion ZHANG XIN-AN;LIU JI-HUI;LI YU-FEI;TANG PENG;CUI YONG;ZHANG XIN-YUAN;LIU XING-BEN;ZHENG CHUAN-FEI;XU XIAO-MING (.DEPARTMENT OF CLINICAL FORENSIC MEDICINE;FACULTY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;CHINA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;SHENYANG 000;CHINA;.DEPARTMENT 2007, 0(5): 358-359.  Abstract ( 2176 )   Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of post-traumatic abortion and the relationship between trauma and abortion. Methods We collected and analyzed 23 cases of post-traumatic abortion encountered in the department of clinical forensic medicine,faculty of forensic medicine,China Medical University in recent years. Results All 23 post-traumatic abortions were early abortions. Their traumata were mild and external only. Vagina bleeding and abortion occurred shortly after trauma. Most patients were older,from countryside,or unemployed. Conclusion The causes of abortion are complex. Post-traumatic abortion can only be diagnosed after excluding non-traumatic factors. For those cases abortion occur shortly after injuries and non-traumatic factors can not be excluded,trauma should be assessed for its role in abortions as primary,secondary or induction factors correlated with clinical symptoms and presentations. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Prospect of Application of Toxicogenetics/Pharmcogenetics Theory and Methods in Forensic Practice SHEN DAN-NA;YI XU-FU;CHEN XIAO-GANG;XU TONG-LI;CUI LI-JUAN (WEST CHINA SCHOOL OF PRECLINICAL AND FORENSIC MEDICINE;SICHUAN UNIVERSITY;CHENGDU 00;CHINA) 2007, 0(5): 362-364.  Abstract ( 2047 )   Individual response to drugs,toxicants,environmental chemicals and allergens varies with genotype. Some respond well to these substances without significant consequences,while others may respond strongly with severe consequences and even death. Toxicogenetics and toxicogenomics as well as pharmacogenetics explain the genetic basis for the variations of individual response to toxicants by sequencing the human genome and large-scale identification of genome polymorphism. The new disciplines will provide a new route for forensic specialists to determine the cause of death. Related Articles | Metrics

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Development and Prospect on Skeletal Age Evaluation Methods of X-ray Film WANG YA-HUI;ZHU GUANG-YOU;QIAO KE;BIAN SHI-ZHONG;FAN LI-HUA;CHENG YI-BIN;YING CHONG-LIANG;SHEN YAN (.DEPARTMENT OF PRECLINICAL MEDICINE;MEDICAL COLLEGE OF SOOCHOW UNIVERSITY;SUZHOU;CHINA;.INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCES;MINISTRY OF JUST 2007, 0(5): 365-369.  Abstract ( 1749 )   The traditional methods of skeletal age estimation mainly include Numeration,Atlas,and Counting scores. In recent years,other new methods were proposed by several scholars. Utilizing image logical characteristics of X-ray film to extrapolate skeletal age is a key means by present forensic medicine workers in evaluating skeletal age. However,there exist some variations when we present the conclusion of skeletal age as an "evidence" directly to the Justice Trial Authority. In order to enhance the accuracy of skeletal age determination,further investigation for appropriate methodology should be undertaken. After a collective study of pertinent domestic and international literatures,we present this review of the research and advancement on skeletal age evaluation methods of X-ray film. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of the Burned Bone Morphology and DNA Technology in Human Identification XU GUO-CHANG;REN FU;HOU XU-WEI;YUAN LI-BO (INSTITUTE OF ANTHROPOLOGY;LIAONING MEDICAL COLLEGE;JINZHOU 000;CHINA) 2007, 0(5): 370-372+.  Abstract ( 1939 )   Burned bones have their unique characteristics in investigation of fire disaster/crimes,airplane disaster,explosion and other accidents. To study the morphological changes of skeletal tissue and DNA changes at different incinerating temperature might provide precise standard means to determine genera,sex,and age. Genetic locus was also applied in the above fields. The techniques to extract and detect of DNA in burning bones have been improved in recent years. In this article investigation advancement of analysis of burned bones with the morphology,histology,and molecular biology as well as the latest methods and techniques were reviewed. These results provide a new approach for further research and practice in forensic medicine. Related Articles | Metrics

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SNPs and Forensic DNA typing ALLAH RAKHA;YANG LI;LI SHENG-BIN (KEY LABORATORY OF FORENSIC SCIENCES;NATIONAL MINISTRY OF HEALTH;KEY LABORATORY OF MINISTRY OF EDUCATION FOR ENVIRONMENT AND GENES RELATED TO DISEASES;XI’AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY;XI’AN;00 CHINA) 2007, 0(5): 373-379.  Abstract ( 2040 )   There is an increasing interest in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing in the forensic field. SNPs are very useful for defining Y chromosome or mtDNA haplotypes and DNA phenotyping. We focus on comparative advantages of SNP typing over length variations and expected number of loci required to gain probabilities equal to STR loci in use. This review also offers to the reader a state of the art of SNP genotyping technologies with the advantages and disadvantages of the different techniques and platforms for different forensic requirements. Related Articles | Metrics