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28 December 2007, Volume 23 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Characteristics and Biomechanical Mechanism of Riding Injuries in Accidents of Bicycles Collided by Motor Vehicles LIU NING-GUO;ZOU DONG-HUA;MAO MING-YUAN;ZHANG JIAN-HUA;JIN XIAN-LONG;CHEN YI-JIU (.INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCES;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA;. COLLEGE OF MECHANICAL AND DYNAMIC ENGINEERING;SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY;SHA 2007, 0(6): 401-404.  Abstract ( 1846 )   Objective To study the characteristics and biomechanical mechanism of riding injuries involving bicycles collided by motor vehicles. Methods The real traffic accident cases of bicycles collided by motor vehicles, including the information of scenes, bicycles, motor vehicles, rider wounds and traffic directions, were collected. Retrospective method was used to study these riding injuries. In addition, typical cases were selected to simulate traffic accident courses with computer simulation software, and the dynamic data like acceleration, force, moment were extracted to compare with those in the real cases. Results There were no difference of occurring frequency between cases with or without riding injuries, as well as between one-side-collision and front-or back-collision. The riding injuries seemed less in accidents involving large-scale vehicles. The frequency of riding injuries increased with vehicle speed. The wound location was low on collision side and high on opposite. Conclusion Analysis of riding injury characteristic in traffic accidents and their biomechanical mechanism would be helpful for estimation of traffic manner. Related Articles | Metrics

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Estimation of Postmortem Interval with Multivoxel-voxel Proton ~1H-MR Spectroscopy YANG TIAN-TONG;LI ZHEN-WEI;LIU LIANG;ZHENG NA (.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;TONGJI MEDICAL COLLEGE;HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY;WUHAN;000;CHINA;.TONGJI HOSPITAL;TONGJI MEDICAL COLLEGE;HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE 2007, 0(6): 405-408.  Abstract ( 1948 )   Objective The purpose of our study was to evaluate the postmortem interval with multi-voxel 1H-MR spectroscopy. Methods Twelve healthy rabbits were studied and the quantities of N-acetylaspartate, total choline, phosphocreatine and creatine were measured by 1H-MR spectroscopy after death at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, and 24 h. Results The levels of Naa/Cr and Naa/Ch decreased following death, while the level of Ch/Cr increased initially and then decreased following death. Conclusion Multi-voxel proton MR spectroscopy for Naa/Cr and Ch/Cr metabolic ratio could be used in future postmortem interval studies. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Serum from Crush Injury Rats on Vascular Endothelial Cell Apoptosis and their Potential Mechanism LIU SHUI-PING;LUO BIN;LI ZHAO-HUI;LIU XIAO-SHAN (DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC PATHOLOGY;ZHONGSHAN MEDICAL SCHOOL OF SUN YAT-SEN UNIVERSITY;GUANGZHOU 000;CHINA) 2007, 0(6): 409-410+.  Abstract ( 2069 )   Objective To investigate the effects of serum from crush injury rats on vascular endothelial cell apoptosis and their potential mechanism. Methods Bovine aorta endothelial cells were cultured in vitro and the effects of serum from crush injury rats on cell apoptosis and intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) were observed. Meanwhile, the levels of rat blood plasma endothelin-1(ET-1) and atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP) were measured. Results Compared with normal rat serum treatment, the cell apoptosis rate decreased from (8.26±1.75)% to (2.75±0.90)%, while the concentration of [Ca2+]i increased from (96.98±3.95) to (118.79±3.22) nmol/L in serum from crush injury rats, respectively. The concentration of ET-1 and ANP increased significantly in crush injury rat serum. Conclusion Serum from crush injury rats could inhibit apoptosis of the vascular endothelial cells. These effects may be related to increased level of [Ca2+]i mediated by ET-1 and ANP. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Immunofluorescence and Sandwich ELISA with Double-antibodies in Detection of Human Rabies SUN LAI-JING;XU GE-LIN;WANG HUA-LIN;WU JIE;HU ZHI-HONG;ZHOU YI-WU (.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;TONGJI MEDICAL COLLEGE;HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY;WUHAN 000;CHINA;.STATE KEY LABORATORY OF VIROLOGY;WUHAN INSTIT 2007, 0(6): 411-413+.  Abstract ( 1642 )   Objective To explore the application of immunofluorescence and sandwich ELISA with double-antibodies in detection of human rabies. Methods The cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, and hippocampus of four patients died of rabies identified by clinical diagnosis were collected and kept in freezer at-70 ℃ or in formaldehyde solution separately. The rat brain tissue infected by CVS strain of rabies virus was used as a positive control and the brain tissue of a patient died of acute pancreatitis was used as a negative control. Results Rabies virus was detected in the tissues kept in freezer at-70 ℃ and the positive control but was not detected in the tissues kept in formaldehyde solution and the negative control. Conclusion Immunofluorescence and Sandwich ELISA with double-antibodies could be used in detection of human rabies. The samples should be kept in deep frozen temperature condition instead of in formaldehyde solution. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Development of Hand-wrist Bone in 14 Year-old Adolescents Ⅰ:Bone Age Standard for Boys LI KAI;YE KE;WANG JIAN-WEN;YE LONG-YU;ZHANG QIN-CHU (.NANJING MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;NANJING 00;CHINA;. POLICY STATION OF LOU XING;PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU OF LOUDI;LOUDI 000;CHINA;.LOUDI CARE SCHOOL;LOUDI 000;CHINA;.XI'AN JIAOTONG 2007, 0(6): 414-417.  Abstract ( 1953 )   Objective To study the bone development in adolescents in China, and establish forensic skeletal age standard for estimation of the criminal responsible age in 14 years old male adolescents. Methods One hundred and three healthy boys aged from 13 years and 9 months to 14 years and 3 months in Lengshuijiang, Hunan, China were enrolled in this study. X-ray films of their left hand-wrist were taken dorsaventrally, and 15 selected sites on the wrist X-ray films were examined and measured under standard condition. The development grade was confirmed by maximum percentage to establish a method to estimate the bone age, which was then checked by single blind method. Results Development grade of the first metacarpal bone and the first phalanx Ⅳ was partially closed (less than 1/3), but the rest was non-closed. The cross diameters of all the osteoepiphysis were wider than that of all the diaphysis. The development grade of the fourth metacarpal bone and the fifth metacarpal bone as well as the adjacent third phalanx were different in both younger age group (<14 years, mostly non-closed) and the older age group (>14 years, mostly closed). The confirmed accuracy (in 30 boys) was 80%. Conclusion Our study seems to be feasible in establishing the estimation standard for skeletal age determination using developmental metaphysis and anthropometry. The standard may be particularly helpful in forensic practice for estimation of accurate criminal responsible age in adolescents. Related Articles | Metrics

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Stature Estimation from Upper Extremity Long Bones by Digital Radiography ZHOU XIAO-RONG;SHU YONG-KANG;CHANG YUN-FENG;DENG ZHEN-HUA;ZHANG ZHAO-HUI;CHEN XIAO-GANG;YU JIAN-QUN;HUANG LIN (. WEST CHINA SCHOOL OF PRECLINICAL AND FORENSIC MEDICINE;SICHUAN UNIVERSITY;CHENGDU 00;CHINA;. INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC 2007, 0(6): 418-423+.  Abstract ( 1907 )   Objective To obtain regression formula for estimation of stature in Han population in Sichuan Province from length of the upper extremity long bones by digital radiography. Methods The statures of 365 healthy adults and digital radiographs of their right upper extremity long bones were measured. All statistical dispositions were done in SPSS including description and regression analysis. Results Twenty-seven simple regression and 3 multiple regression formulae with statistic significance in estimation of the stature from the sum of the length of the upper extremity long bones were established. Regression coefficient was higher in ulna than in radius, in male than in female, and was more accurate in multiple regression formulae than in simple regression formulae. Conclusion Digital radiograph measurement of the length of the upper extremity long bones seems to be a simple and practical method to estimate human stature in forensic practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Effects of Heroin on Intracellular Free Ca~(2+) of Rat Myocardium LIU XIAO-SHAN;WU JING-DONG;HAO ZI-RUI;LIU SHUI-PING;LI ZHAO-HUI;LI HAI-XIA;CHEN YU-CHUAN (. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;MEDICAL COLLEGE OF SUN YAT-SEN UNIVERSITY;GUANGZHOU 000;CHINA;.SHIQI BRANCH OF PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU OF ZHONG 2007, 0(6): 424-427.  Abstract ( 1824 )   Objective To observe the effects of heroin on intracellular free Ca2+ in rat myocardium. Methods The effects of heroin on intracellular free Ca2+ were observed in cultured neonatal rat myocardium by measuring intracellular free Ca2+ concentration using calcium fluorescent probe Flou-3/AM and laser scanning confocal microscope. Results Different doses and concentrations of heroin appeared to have different effects on intracellular free Ca2+ concentrations, with a dosage dependent short linear increase in the fluorescence intensity (i.e., Ca2+concentration) leading to [Ca2+]i peak. Conclusion Heroin could affect concentrations of [Ca2+]i in myocardium and its dosage related effect needs further investigation. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Role of Dopamine D3 Receptor in the Amphetamine-induced Conditioned Place Preference in Mice ZHU JUN-YAN;CHEN LI-PING;LI LIN;ZHENG HAI-BO;CHEN TENG;(.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;MEDICAL COLLEGE;XI'AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY;XI'AN 00;CHINA;.THE NATIONAL LABORATORY OF THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH FOR FORENSIC;SCHOOL OF MEDIC 2007, 0(6): 428-430.  Abstract ( 1562 )   Objective To study the role of dopamine D3 receptor involved in the amphetamine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice. Methods The CPP was observed in D3 receptor knock-out (D3RKO) mice and C57BL/6 wild-type control mice after administration of amphetamine. The data were analyzed with a two-way ANOVA using the SPSS 13.0 software. Results D3RKO mice showed a significant amphetamine-induced CPP (P<0.001), compared with the ones administered with saline in C57BL/6 control mice. Conclusion The results indicate that amphetamine can produce significant CPP in dopamine D3 receptor knock-out mice, suggesting that amphetamine-induced addiction can be inhibited by dopamine D3 receptor. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Spiral CT 3D Reconstruction of Rib Fracture in Clinical Forensic Practice ZHANG DE-YU;ZHU XU-YANG;FANG WEI-MIN;JIN HE-TIAN;ZOU BO-XING;ZHU JIAN-HUA (.INSITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;GONGLI HOSPITAL;PUDONG NEW DISTRICT;SHANGHAI 00;CHINA;.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;WANNAN MEDICAL COLLEGE;WUHU 00;CHI 2007, 0(6): 431-433+.  Abstract ( 2061 )   Objective To assess the clinical application of spiral CT 3D reconstruction in forensic diagnosis of rib fracture. Methods Thirty-five cases of rib fractures were collectively studied by X-ray, regular CT scan, and adoptive 3D reconstruction with spiral CT. Results Clear and stereoscopic images of rib fractures without interference of the surrounding soft tissue were obtained in all of 35 cases examined. Conclusion Spiral CT 3D reconstruction could be a valuable means in forensic diagnosis of rib fracture. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Relationship between Age-related Stress Distribution and Fracture Incidence of the Mandible ZOU CHAO-YONG;XU JIN;JIANG PING (.ZHENJIANG MUNICIPAL PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU;ZHENJIANG 00;CHINA;.INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;JIANGSU UNIVERSITY;ZHENJIANG 00;CHINA;.MEDICAL COLLEGE OF JIANGSU UNIVERSITY;ZHENJIANG 00;CHINA) 2007, 0(6): 434-437.  Abstract ( 2126 )   Objective To analyze age-related mandible stress distribution due to midline force. Methods Mandibles of children, adults, and elderly individuals were scanned by spiral CT to establish three-dimension imaging models with mesh elements by MIMICS software and HYPERMESH software. The mandible stress distribution was analyzed using ANSIS software. Results There was no significant difference in mandible stress distribution in various age groups with the greatest stress distribution (Von Mises) present at the mandible angle. Although there was stress present at the mandible neck in adults, no such mandible neck stress was found in children and elderly individuals. Conclusion Mandible stress distribution is closely related to the incidence of fracture in various age groups, i.e., more stress and more fracture. Related Articles | Metrics

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Age-dependent Mitochondrial DNA 4977bp Depletion in Human Skeletal Muscle ZHANG YOU-FANG (ZHEJIANG POLICE COLLEGE;HANGZHOU 00;CHINA) 2007, 0(6): 438-440.  Abstract ( 1959 )   Objective To explore depletion of human mitochondrial DNA 4977-bp and its relation with aging. Methods Total DNA (nuclear and mtDNA) was extracted from 100 mg muscle tissue. UV light illumination of ethidium bromide-stained PCR products was used to study the depletion of mtDNA (wild-type or mutant). Results The proportions of mtDNA depletion in human skeletal muscle could be determined. The frequency of mtDNA 4977-bp depletion in different age groups (0-9, 10-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, 80-89, 90-99) was: 0%, 0%, 0.003%, 0.011%, 0.015%, 0.033%, 0.038%, 0.062%, 0.069%, and 0.091%, respectively. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the frequency of the mtDNA4977 depletion in human skeletal muscle increases with age. It might be useful for human age estimation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of Mexiletine in Human Blood by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry YAN HUI;;XIANG PING;BO JUN;SHEN MIN (. INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCES;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA;. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;SHANGHAI MEDICAL COLLEGE;FUDAN UNIVERSITY;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA) 2007, 0(6): 441-443.  Abstract ( 2100 )   Objective To establish a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) method for detection of mexiletine by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Methods After simple protein precipitation of the blood sample with acetonitrile, the organic solvent layer diluted with LC mobile solvent was separated by Allure PFP Propyl column, confirmed and quantified by MS/MS in the multi-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode via positive electrospray ionization. Results Mexiletine and naloxone (internal standard) got ideal resolution under the selected analytical condition. The correlation coeficient of linear calibration curve was over 0.999 9 within the mexiletine concentration range 0.02-10 μg/mL. The relative standard deviations were under 10% for intra-day and under 15% for inter-day, and the detection limit was 0.01 μg/mL. Conclusion The established LC-MS/MS method is simple, rapid, sensitive, unaffected by matrix effect and appropriate for detection of mexiletine in blood in the field of therapeutic drug monitoring and forensic toxicology. Related Articles | Metrics

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Distribution of tryptophan hydroxylase Gene-T457C Locus Polymorphism in Han Ethnic Group in Northern China GUAN HONG-YU;WANG BAO-JIE;DING MEI;PANG HAO;WANG BIN;LU HONG-TAO;XING JIA-XIN;YI JIN-FENG;LI CHUN-MEI (SCHOOL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;CHINA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;SHENYANG 000;CHINA) 2007, 0(6): 444-445.  Abstract ( 2106 )   Objective To study the distribution of the tryptophan hydroxylase(TPH) gene-T457C locus polymorphism in Han ethnic group in northern China and to find its applicable value in forensic science. Methods Genomic DNA samples, extracted from 180 unrelated individuals in northern Chinese Han population, were analyzed by PCR-RFLP. Results The discrimination power (DP) value and the power of exclusion (PE) value of the TPH gene-T457C locus were 0.624 and 0.187, respectively. The allele frequency showed significant difference from that of French people (P=0.04). Conclusion Polymorphism of the TPH gene-T457C locus could show ethnic and regional differences. It has a potential to be used in forensic science. Related Articles | Metrics

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Recent Advances in Venous Air Embolism XIA JING;ZHANG LIN-LIN;CHEN XIN-SHAN (DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC PATHOLOGY;TONGJI MEDICAL COLLEGE OF HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY;WUHAN 000;CHINA) 2007, 0(6): 447-449.  Abstract ( 1930 )   Air embolism, a life-threatening complication of medical procedure, is a frequently encountered challenge in the forensic practices. It can be easily missed due to ignorance by forensic examiner or it could be difficult to be identified due to prolonged storage of the cadaver. This article reviews the etiological factors, pathophysiological changes, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and the medicolegal identification of air embolism. The authors suggest that modern imaging techniques including echocardiogram, computer tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging play an important role in the clinical diagnosis and forensic identification of air embolism. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Application of Cerebral Angiography in the Forensic Postmortem Examination XU TONG-LI;YI XU-FU;CHEN XIAO-GANG (WEST CHINA SCHOOL OF PRECLINICAL AND FORENSIC MEDICINE;SICHUAN UNIVERSITY;CHENGDU 00;CHINA) 2007, 0(6): 450-452.  Abstract ( 2024 )   As a "Gold Standard" in clinical diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease, cerebral angiography also plays an important role in forensic postmortem examination. The key roles of identifying the site of cerebrovascular disease and the cause of death as well as providing guidance for autopsy and postmortem sampling and the broad future application of cerebral angiography in forensic practice are reviewed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Recent Progress in Epilepsy in Neuropathology ZHANG LEI;ZHANG YANG;FAN FAN;JIE YA;ZHU SHAO-HUA;LIU LIANG;ZHOU YI-WU (.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;TONGJI MEDICAL COLLEGE;HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY;WUHAN 000;CHINA;. BUREAU OF PUBLIC SECURITY OF CHANGSHA;CHANG 2007, 0(6): 453-456.  Abstract ( 1944 )   Epilepsy is a common cerebral disease, and may cause sudden death. Although electric activity study of epileptic brain had been emphasized in the past, the neuropathological study of epilepsy has become a main focus in clinical and forensic medicine recently. This article reviews the recent progress in neuropathology of epilepsy including developmental disorder, abnormal tumoral proliferation, hippocampal sclerosis, dual pathological alteration, and mossy fiber sprouting. Its significance in forensic medicine, particularly for the diagnosis of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy, is discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Application of Palynology in Forensic Medicine ZHANG DAN-YAN;ZHANG DAN-MEI;HOU YI-PING (.WEST CHINA SCHOOL OF PRECLINICAL AND FORENSIC MEDICINE;SICHUAN UNIVERSITY;CHENGDU 00;CHINA;.COLLEGE OF LIFE SCIENCES;SICHUAN NORMAL UNIVERSITY;CHENGDU 00;CHINA) 2007, 0(6): 457-459.  Abstract ( 2084 )   Palynology, one science of plant's pollen and spores, has been proven to be a new frontier discipline. Because of the characteristics of pollen and spores, such as small size, light weight, large amount, and difficult to be found, they can leave physical evidence and provide new clues to solve a case. Therefore palynology has a good prospect for practical application in forensic medicine. The paper intends to analyze the advantage and limitation of palynology in forensic medicine by reviewing its general characteristics, classification, morphology, and disseminating circadian rhythm. We hope to provide some reference to apply palynology in forensic medicine. Related Articles | Metrics

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SUBJECT INDEX IN ENGLISH OF VOLUME 23 (2007)(ISSUE:PAGE)(MAIN ARTICLES) 2007, 0(6): 476-480.  Abstract ( 1459 )   Related Articles | Metrics