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28 February 2007, Volume 23 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Comparison of the Contents of ATP,ADP,and AMP in the Cardiac Muscle of Rat Killed by Different Manners SONG YU;LIAO LIN-CHUAN;YAN YOU-YI;YANG LIN;HUANG HONG;CHENG YU(WEST CHINA SCHOOL OF PRECLINICAL AND FORENSIC MEDICINE SICHUAN UNIVERSITY;CHENGDU 00;CHINA) 2007, 0(1): 1-3+7.  Abstract ( 2203 )   Objective The content changes of energy substances in the cardiac muscle of rat killed by different manners were investigated to elucidate evidence that can be used to determine the modes of death and postmortem interval.Methods One hundred and eighty rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups and killed by bleeding,suffocating,and neck breaking,respectively.The contents of ATP,ADP,and AMP in the cardiac muscle of rats killed by the different manners at different death intervals(0,0.5,1,1.5,2,3,4,6,8,12,18,and 24 h) were measured by HPLC.Results There were significant differences observed in the contents of ATP and AMP in the rats′ cardiac muscle in different groups at most of the intervals(P<0.05) and at all of the intervals within the same group(P<0.01),but no differences were found in the ADP contents in any of the group at most of the intervals.Conclusion The content changes of energy substances(ATP and AMP) in the cardiac muscle of dead rats may provide a basis for determination of the death manners and postmortem intervals. Related Articles | Metrics

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Induction of Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1α in Two Kinds of Rats Asphyxiation Death Models ZHANG BEI-LEI;YANG ZHI-HUI;RAN PENG;LIANG WEI-BO;ZHOU BIN;ZHANG GENG-QIAN;LU MEI-LI;ZHANG LIN(.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC BIOLOGY;WEST CHINA SCHOOL OF PRECLINICAL AND FORENSIC MEDICINE;SICHUAN UNIVESITY;CHENGDU 00;CHINA;.XINXING MEDICAL COLLEG 2007, 0(1): 4-7+2.  Abstract ( 1839 )   Objective To investigate the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha(HIF1-α) in the heart,lung,liver and kidney in rats died of two typical models of asphyxia.Methods Two asphyxia models were made and tissue samples of the dead rats were collected from different groups at various postmortem duration.The expression and the changes of HIF1-α in various tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry and image analysis techniques.Results Significant expression of HIF1-α was observed in the myocardial fibers,kidney cells,liver cells and lung cells in both asphyxia models,but not in the control group.The expression of HIF1-α in various tissues in the rat died of nitrogen gas breathing was found in the nuclei at 0 hour and the expression level decreased gradually thereafter.The HIF1-α expression level and duration in various tissues of the rat died of hanging were higher and longer than that of the former group,with a peak of the expression level observed 6 hours after death,and then started to decline in all tissues except the heart where the expression still showed an increase 24 hours after death.The control groups showed a steady expression in the cytoplasm but not in the nuclei.Conclusion HIF1-α appears to be a valuable biomarker in the diagnosis of asphyxia within 24 hours after death. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of Synaptophysin in Experimental Diffuse Brain Injury FAN SHUAN-LIANG;HUANG PING;LIU YAN-FENG;ZHANG PIN;WANG ZHEN-YUAN(.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;MEDICAL COLLEGE;XI′AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY;XI′AN 00;CHINA;.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;MEDICAL COLLEGE OF BEIHUA UNIVERSITY;JILIN 00;CHINA) 2007, 0(1): 8-10+1.  Abstract ( 2028 )   Object To investigate the changes in the expression_level of synaptophysin following diffuse brain injury(DBI) in rats and to correlate the changes of the synaptophysin expression_level with the post injury time interval.Methods Wister rats were used as a DBI model induced by Marmarou method.The changes of synaptophysin immunoreactivity on coronal sections of the rats sampled at different post-injury time intervals were used as a marker.The densitometry of the synaptophysin immunoreactivity was documented by imaging technique and analyzed by SPSS software.Results The expression_level of synaptophysin in DBI rats showed dynamic changes following DBI as well as during the repairing period.Conclusion The changes of synaptophysin level may be used as a marker for estimation of the post injury time interval in DBI. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of Beclin1 and LC3 after rat′s Skin Contusion YAN FENG-PING;CHEN YI-JIU;HUANG XIAO-HUA(.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;SHANGHAI MEDICAL COLLEGE;FUDAN UNIVERSITY;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA;.INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R.CHINA;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA) 2007, 0(1): 11-13+8.  Abstract ( 2220 )   Objective This study aimed at examining the expression of Beclin1 and LC3 in the skin of rat after contusive injury and at observing the process of autophagy in response to injury or trauma.Their significance in diagnosis of trauma and application in estimation of the post injury time interval were also investigated.Methods Immunohistochemistry and imaging analysis were used to examine the expression level of Beclin1 and LC3 at the injury site of the rat skin at different post-traumatic times.Results Expression of Beclin1 and LC3 in normal rat skin or immediately after injury maintained at a very low level,but their level started to elevate 6 hours after injury and showed increasing strong expression at post injury time of day 3,day 5 and day 7.Conclusion Over-expression of Beclin1 and LC3 as well as increased autophagy,a response to injury,can be observed in the rat skin at the injury site.The expression level of Beclin1 and LC3 starts to increase 6 hours and shows a linear increase up to 7 days after injury.Beclin1 and LC3 may serve as a marker for estimation of the post injury time interval. Related Articles | Metrics

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Apoptosis of Cultured Cortical Neurons of Rat′s Brain Induced by Heroin LIU XIAO-SHAN;ZANG LIN-QUAN;HAO ZI-RUI;LI ZHAO-HUI;LIU SHUI-PING;CHEN YU-CHUAN;WU JING-DONG(.FACULTY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;PRECLINICAL SCHOOL OF SUN YAT-SEN UNIVERSITY;GUANGZHOU 000;CHINA;.COLLEGE OF PHARMACY OF GUANGDONG PHARMACEUTICAL UNIVERS 2007, 0(1): 14-17.  Abstract ( 1880 )   Objective To investigate whether heroin can directly induce apoptosis in primary cultured cortical neurons of rat′s brain.Methods Cultured primary neurons cultures were obtained from cerebral cortex of embryo rats.After 7 days,the cells were incubated with different concentrations of heroin(purity～80%) for 24 hours.The neuronal survival was assessed by cell viability counting with fluorescent diacetate(FDA) staining.The morphological and biochemical changes were observed with Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining and then analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis,respectively.Results After treatment with different concentrations of heroin,the neurons showed a decreased survival rate in a dose dependent manner,and there was a significant difference in the survival rate between the heroin group and the control group(P<0.05).When exposed to different concentrations of heroin,neurons exhibited the morphological and biochemical features of apoptosis,including cell shrinkage,neurite degeneration,network disappearance,condensation and aggregation of nuclear chromatin,and the formation of DNA ladders.With the increase of heroin concentration of rat′s brain more apoptotic bodies were seen.Conclusion Heroin can directly induce apoptosis in primary cultured cortical neurons in rat′s brain. Related Articles | Metrics

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Bcl-2 Expression Following the Brain Concussion in Rats ZHU XU-YANG;WANG FENG;FANG WEI-HUA;WU MAO-WANG (DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;WANNAN MEDICAL COLLEGE;WUHU 00;CHINA) 2007, 0(1): 18-19+2.  Abstract ( 2028 )   Objective To evaluate the expression of Bcl-2 protein after brain concussion.Methods Expression levels of Bcl-2 protein in cortex,pontine and cerebellum of rats were investigated using immunohistochemistry.Results There was no expression of Bcl-2 protein in control group seen.The expression of Bcl-2 protein in brain concussion groups was detected at 1hour,and the expression level reached its peak 4 days after the concussion and then declined gradually.Conclusion Our findings suggest that the detection of Bcl-2 protein could be an indicator for diagnosis of brain concussion and for estimation of the post injury time interval. Related Articles | Metrics

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Pathomorphologic Study of the Fibrous Cap and Fatty Core of Coronary Athrosclerotic Plaque in Sudden Coronary Death FENG XIANG-PING;YE JIA-XI;WANG FEI-XIANG;CHEN XIN-SHAN(.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;WENZHOU MEDICAL COLLEGE;WENZHOU 0;CHINA;.HANGZHOU PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU;HANGZHOU;000;CHINA;.INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R.CHINA 2007, 0(1): 20-22.  Abstract ( 1811 )   Objective The differences in the thickness of fibrous cap and the percentage of fatty core of the coronary atherosclerotic plaques between sudden coronary death(SCD) group and the control group were investigated.Methods Sixty-four autopsy cases were divided into SCD and control groups.Samples were taken from the most severely damaged portions of the coronary atherosclerotic plaques,sectioned,stained with HE,and examined by light microscopy for morphologic changes and structural alternations.Image analysis system was adopted to compare the thickness of fibrous cap and percentage of fatty core in the whole plaque between the two groups,and all data were analyzed and calculated with SPSS 11.5 statistic software.Results There were 15 grade III and 21 grade IV atherosclerotic cases found in the SCD group,while there were 16 and 12 found in the control group,respectively.Although no significant differences on the severity of atherosclerosis were found between the two groups(P>0.05),there were significant differences on the thickness of the fibrous cap and the percentage of fatty core found between the two groups(P<0.01).Conclusion Our study indicates that there are significant differences in the thickness of fibrous cap and the percentage of fatty core in atherosclerosis plaques between the SCD group and the control group.These observed differences may be helpful for morphological diagnosis of SCD. Related Articles | Metrics

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Morphological Changes in Rabbits Died of Potassium Intoxication ZHU XIN-JU;CHEN LI-PING;LI KAI;XU YONG-CHENG;KE YONG;WANG ZHEN-YUAN(.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;SCHOOL OF MEDICINE;XI'AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY;XI'AN 00;CHINA;.ZHENJIANG PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU;ZHENJIANG 000;CHINA;.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSI 2007, 0(1): 23-25.  Abstract ( 1882 )   Objective Morphologic features of the corpse of rabbits died of potassium intoxication were studied in order to elucidate an objective evidence for forensic determination of death caused by potassium intoxication.Methods Macroscopic,microscopic,and ultrastructural(by transmission electron microscopy) changes were observed in the heart,brain,and kidney of rabbits killed by intravenous push or continuous infusion at 100 drips per minute with 0.3% and 1% KCl,respectively.Normal rabbits without any treatment killed by bleeding were used as controls.Results Macroscopically,cardiac dilatation and congestion/stasis as well as ischemic and hypoxic changes in various organs were observed in rabbits died of potassium injection.Microscopically and ultrastructurally,there were destruction of the cardiac fibers with thickening,concentrating,or disappearing of the Z-line,constriction of the glomerular capillaries,enlargement of the Bowman capsule,thinning and fusion of foot processes,as well as apoptosis with phagocytosis in brain observed,particularly in the group infused with 1% KCl.Conclusion The morphologic changes observed in the heart and kidney appear to be characteristic,supporting death caused by potassium intoxication. Related Articles | Metrics

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Adverse Drug Events and its Forensic Medical Identification CHEN TENG;RU XIAO-PENG;GU SHAN-ZHI;HAN WEI;JIA XIAO-DI;GAO YA;ZHANG QIN-CHU(.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;SCHOOL OF MEDICINE;XI′AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY;XI′AN 00;CHINA;.PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU OF JINGYANG;JINGYANG 00;CHINA) 2007, 0(1): 26-29.  Abstract ( 2064 )   Objective To investigate the basic principles and important rules of forensic identification of adverse drug events and to accumulate basic data and to provide references for forensic identification of similar cases.Methods Thirty-three cases of adverse drug events in our forensic identification files were retrospectively reviewed,analyzed,and summarized.Results There were 27 live and 6 dead victims included in this study.Our study showed a gradually increasing numbers of adverse drug cases in forensic identification year by year with a slight female predominance(20/33 cases,60.6%).Of the 33 victims,nearly two-thirds(21/33,63.6%) were due to hospital errors including only one case of drug overdose(1/21,4.8%),whereas the rest were not related to the hospital errors.Eight cases(8/33,24.2%) were caused by illegal medical practitioners due to improper use of medication.Conclusion Investigators need to pay more attention to the characteristics and complexities of adverse drug events on a case by case basis encountered in increasing numbers of more and more such forensic identification. Related Articles | Metrics

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Haplotype and Heteroplasmy in the HVⅡ Region of mtDNA in Human Blood Detected by PCR-DGGE ZHAI XIAN-DUN;HUANG DAI-XIN;YIN HUI;YANG QIN-EN(.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;TONGJI MEDICAL COLLEGE;HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY;WUHAN 000;CHINA;.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;HENAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY;LU 2007, 0(1): 30-32.  Abstract ( 1865 )   Objective To establish a simple and effective technique for detecting haplotype and heteroplasmy of mtDNA,and investigate their frequencies in Chinese Han population.Methods The fragments from 29～290 nt of mtDNA HVⅡ from peripheral leukocytes of 200 unrelated Wuhan Han individuals were analyzed by using PCR-DGGE technique.Results Seventeen haplotypes were found in the range of 29～290 nt,and the haplotype diversity(HD) was 0.884 4.The heterogeneity was observed from 4 individuals,and its frequency was 2%.Conclusion PCR-DGGE is a simple,sensitive and effective technique in analyzing polymorphism and heteroplasmy of mtDNA,and can be used in forensic practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Medico-legal Assessment of Blood Accumulation in Human Abdominal Cavity Caused by Penetrating Wounds CHEN JIAN-XIN(THE FORENSIC SCIENCE DEPARTMENT;THE PEOPLE'S PROCURATORATE OF FUJIAN PROVINCE;FUZHOU 00;CHINA) 2007, 0(1): 39-41.  Abstract ( 1978 )   When primary injuries caused by penetrating violence and secondary injuries by faulty medical procedures are both present,it is important to distinguish "avoidable" from "unavoidable" secondary injuries.The primary and "unavoidable" secondary injuries rather than the secondary "avoidable" injuries should be included as evidence for assessment of the degree and grade the injuries.The basic principles to assess blood accumulation after injury have been stated in the seventy-two clause of "The Assessment Criterion of Severe Human Body Injury".However,it dose not distinguish abdominal blood accumulation caused by primary penetrating wounds from that resulted from secondary medical procedures.An amendment to the clause might be necessary. Related Articles | Metrics

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Retinal Examination with Ophthalmic Endoscopy in Forensic Autopsy CUI LI-JUAN;YI XU-FU;CHEN XIAO-GANG;XU TONG-LI;SHEN DAN-NA(WEST CHINA SCHOOL OF PRECLINICAL AND FORENSIC MEDICINE;SICHUAN UNIVERSITY;CHENGDU 00;CHINA) 2007, 0(1): 42-43.  Abstract ( 2191 )   Autopsy by forensic pathologist is a main mean currently to determine the cause of sudden unexpected death.Retinal examination is important but seldom performed during a forensic autopsy for various reasons.The value of retina examination has not been recognized.With invention of ophthalmic endoscopy and its subsequent application in postmortem retina examination,it has proved to be useful adjunct to determine the cause of death and to estimate the postmortem interval. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Preliminary Analysis of Forensic Crime Scene Investigation FEI GENG;YAN JIAN-JUN;QIN FAN-MING(SHANGHAI INSTITUTE OF CRIMINAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA) 2007, 0(1): 44-45.  Abstract ( 1977 )   Crime scene investigation is one of the important aspects in a medico-legal proceeding.This article describes the principles of forensic investigation under different circumstances including indoor and outdoor as well as moving objects/environment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Autopsy and Clinical Findings on Medical Malpractice Cases after Heart Operation ZHANG FENG-QIN(FADA INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND SCIENCE;CHINA UNIVERSITY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND LAW;BEIJING 0000;CHINA) 2007, 0(1): 46-48.  Abstract ( 1955 )   Objective The purpose of this study was to use autopsy to explore cause of death and to identify medical errors after cardiac surgery.Methods Clinical and autopsy findings in 6 cases were analyzed with respect to the clinical diagnosis,operation types,death time and features,and autopsy findings,medico-legal disputes and related medical errors.Results There were total 6 patients.The procedures involve cardiac valve replacement(4),coronary artery bypass(1),and congenital aortic transposition repair(1).Three patients had sudden death one week after surgery and 3 from congestive heart failure.The findings include myocardial infarction(2),massive myocardial injury(1),endocarditis(2),and multi-organ failure(1).The families in all six cases suspected malpractice.The major concerns were operation indication and timing,selection of operation equipment,operative mishandling,inadequate post-operative care and timely therapeutic invention,inadequate informed consent regarding the severity of the disease itself,the risks of heart surgery,and its prognosis after the procedures.Conclusion Autopsy can be used to determine the cause of death,to assess the quality of the operation and post operation management,and to help to resolve malpractice disputes Related Articles | Metrics

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Abortion Etiologies and Their Forensic Identification ZHANG XIN-AN;LIU JI-HUI;CUI YONG;TANG PENG(DEPARTMENT OF CLINICAL FORENSIC MEDICINE;FACULTY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;CHINA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;SHENYANG 000;CHINA) 2007, 0(1): 49-51.  Abstract ( 2033 )   The causes of abortion are complicated and variable.Genetic abnormalities,immune disorders,endocrine disorders,and sperm abnormalities are the most common etiologies.Other risk factors include infections,genital malformation and diseases,systemic diseases,environmental factors,psychiatric problems,surgery,and maternal trauma.In forensic assessment of abortion and its etiology,trauma-induced abortion can only be determined after exclusion of all other non-traumatic causes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Technical Development of Detecting Deception ZHAO HU;KANG MING(.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;MEDICAL COLLEGE;SHANTOU UNIVERSITY;SHANTOU 0;CHINA;.ANKANG HOSPITAL;PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU OF HANGZHOU CITY;HANGZHOU;CHINA) 2007, 0(1): 52-56.  Abstract ( 1930 )   Polygraph,as a traditional lie detector,is used to detect lies by some changes of human peripheral neuro-vegetative responses.The reliability of this technique,which depends on some other none-instrumental factors to a great extent,has drawn lots of attention and question.Event related potentials(ERPs) have good specificity and time resolution and can monitor instant cognitive processing and brain electric activity.However,its space resolution is poorer than brain function nuclear magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) relatively.Brain fMRI can show the brain functional changes directly.It has good space resolution but bad time resolution,and all images of fMRI are just the final results of brain changes after lying.So,fMRI technique for detecting deception is still in the basic research phase at present.Contrary to other techniques,psychometrics has been used and studied more in detecting deception or malingery in practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Schizophrenia and Jurisdictional Identifications of Mental Diseases WANG YA-HUI;QIAO KE;ZHU GUANG-YOU(.DEPARTMENT OF PRECLINICAL MEDICINE;MEDICAL SCHOOL OF SOOCHOW UNIVERSITY;SUZHOU;CHINA;.INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCES;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R.CHINA;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA;.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;MED 2007, 0(1): 57-59.  Abstract ( 1817 )   Schizophrenia is the most common in forensic psychiatry.The motive,the style and the consequence of any schizophrene′s misdeed have its own particularity.So schizophrenia is significant in the forensic practice.The characteristics of schizophrene′s misdeed and the peace breaker′s responsibility,competence to stand trial and to serve a sentence were reviewed. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Stability of Carbon Monoxide in Stored Blood Samples ZHANG GAO-QIN;ZHANG DA-MING;SONG CHAO-JIN;YUN KE-MING;(.FORENSIC MEDICINE SCHOOL OF SHANXI MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;TAIYUAN 0000;CHINA;.FORENSIC MEDICAL EXAMINATION CENTER OF BEIJING PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU;BEIJING 000;CHINA) 2007, 0(1): 60-62.  Abstract ( 2460 )   Based on the records of carboxyhemoglobin in blood samples stored for recent years,the stability of carboxyhemoglobin in these samples could be affected by the containers,the storage temperatures,the volumes of air above the blood,the saturation of the initial carboxyhemoglobin and preservatives added in these blood samples,among which the storage temperatures,the volumes of air above the blood and the saturation of the initial carboxyhemoglobin are the major influence factors. Related Articles | Metrics