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Relationship between COⅡ Gene of mtDNA of Lucilia Sericata and Latitude Interval CAI JI-FENG;LAN LING-MEI;CHEN YAO-QING;WANG ZHEN-XIA;CHANG YUN-FENG;LIANG WEI-BO;DONG JIAN-GUO;LIAO ZHI-GANG (.SCHOOL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES;CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY;CHANGSHA 00;CHINA;.WEST CHINA SCHOOL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE;SI 2006, 0(6): 401-403.  Abstract ( 1910 )   Objective To deduce the region that the geographical species of Lucilia sericata come from and determine the scene of crime (SOC) based on the gene analysis of mtDNA COⅡ. Methods A 635 bp region for COⅡ of 4 Lucilia sericata (belong to 2 geographical species) were collected and sequenced, compared with the data of GenBank. A neighbour-joining tree with the Tamura and Nei model was constructed by MEGA2.1 package. The number of inherit intervals of inner-species were analyzes by Kimura′s two-parameter model and used for construction the relationships between hereditary and latitude interval by SPSS10.5 soft. Results It showed that they had the relationships between inherit and latitude interval for the 8 geographical species of Lucilia sericata for COⅡ. Conclusion This method can be the evidence deducing the region that the geographical species of Lucilia sericata come from and further to determine the scene of crime (SOC). Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of Cathepsin-B and -D in Rat’s Brain after Traumatic Brain Injury ZHANG YAN-BO;CHEN XI-PING;TAO LU-YANG;QIN ZHENG-HONG;LI SHENG-XING;YANG LI;YANG JU;ZHANG YUN-GE;LIU RAN (. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE OF SUZHOU UNIVERSITY;SUZHOU;CHINA;. LABORATORY OF AGING AND NERVAL DISEASES;SUZHOU UNIV 2006, 0(6): 404-406+.  Abstract ( 1805 )   Objective To study the expression of cathepsin-B and-D in different time point after traumatic brain injury. Methods Traumatic brain injury (TBI) model was established on rats, cathepsin-B and cathepsin-D immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscope analysis were performed. Positive cells were counted by confocal microscope and image analysis techniques were used to determine the morphological changes in each group. Results Immunofluorescence staining results showed that cathepsin-B was activated 1 hour after TBI while cathepsin-D was not activated until 12 hour after TBI. Both of them got to their peak during 4 to 8 days, and kept a high level of activating 32 days after TBI. Cathepsin-B and -D positive cells did not merge with caspase-3 positive cells until 6 h after TBI. Conclusion Cathepsin-B and-D could be the diagnostic markers of TBI and can estimating time course of latteral TBI. They blocked caspase-3 activation at the beginning period after TBI and started to promote cell death with caspase-3 6 h after TBI. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of HIF1-α on Myocardium and Lung in Rats Model of Asphyxia Death ZHANG GENG-QIAN;ZHOU BIN;DU BING;YANG ZHI-HUI;ZHANG BEI-LEI;ZHU YIN-HUA;ZHANG LIN (DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC BIOLOGY;WEST CHINA SCHOOL OF PRECLINICAL AND FORENSIC MEDICINE;SICHUAN UNIVERSITY;CHENGDU 00;CHINA) 2006, 0(6): 407-410+.  Abstract ( 1944 )   Objective To investigate the expression of HIF1-α in heart and lung tissue died from asphyxia. Methods The rats model of asphyxia death was constructed by hanging, different asphyxia groups and control group sets were made according the postmortem time (0,2,6,24 h), immunohistochemistry and half-quantitative RT-PCR methods were used to investigate expression of HIF1-α and mRNA changes on heart and lung tissue. Results The positive staining of HIF1-α could be observed in the myocardium and lung tissue. Significant differences were found between the groups of asphyxia and their corresponding control group. HIF1-α expression was found in all the asphyxia groups while it was only expressed in the control groups of 2 h, 6 h and 24 h. Nucleic positive staining could be detected in all the asphyxia groups but none was found in the control groups. RT-PCR showed that the expression of mRNA between 0 h asphyxia group and 0 h control group were equal in both cardic muscle and lung, but elevated expression in groups of 2,6,24 h compared to their control groups. Conclusion The nuclear positive staining of HIF1-α in heart and lung can be a special character of suffocation death. Related Articles | Metrics

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Forensic Pathological Significance of Immunohistochemical Study with CX43 In Rats on Early Myocardial Ischaemia JIN LI-FANG;CHEN MING-FANG;ZHENG QIANG;XU JING-YAO;SHEN YONG-HAO;ZHU YOU-FA (.INSTITUTE OF CRIMINAL SCIENCE;HANGZHOU PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU;HANGZHOU 00 CHINA;.TRAFFIC POLICE;HANGZHOU PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU;HANGZHOU 00;CHINA;.IN 2006, 0(6): 411-412+.  Abstract ( 2002 )   Objective To explore one of evidence for pathologic diagnosis of early myocardial ischaemia. Methods Rats were ligated of the left coronary artery according to a previously documented technique, and heart tissue was sampled at different ischaemia time. The expression of CX43 in myocardial cell was detected by Immunohistochemistry. Results It is showed that the distribution and amount of CX43 positive staining in each group of the myocardial ischaemia was different from that of the control group. Conclusion The changes of CX43 detected by Immunohistochemical methods may be helpful for the diagnosis of early myocardial ischaemia, but further pathologic investigation and research is necessary. Related Articles | Metrics

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Immunohistochemical Study on Contents of β-amyloid, α-actin and Collagen Ⅳ in Cerebral Small Vessels with Unknown Type of Pathological Lesion ZHANG MIN;GUAN DA-WEI;ZHAO RUI;HU GENG-YI;HAN YANG;HOU ZHEN-HUAN;SHAN YA-MING (.DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC PATHOLOGY;SCHOOL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;CHINA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;SHENYANG 000;CHINA;.SHENYANG MUNICIPAL INTERMEDIATE PEOPLE′S COU 2006, 0(6): 413-416+.  Abstract ( 1679 )   Objective To investigate the structural characteristics of the cerebral small vessels with an unknown type of pathological lesion (UTPL). Methods Contents of β-amyloid, α-actin and collagen Ⅳ in cerebral small vessels with UTPL were studied by Congo red staining, immunohistochemical staining and computer image analysis. Results The low expression levels of α-actin and collagen Ⅳ(P<0.05)were observed in tunica media of the vessels with UTPL, and no positive expression of β-amyloid(P>0.05) was observed in these vessel walls. The expressions of proteins mentioned above in UTPL were different from those of cerebral amyloid angiopathy(CAA) and hyaline arteriolosclerosis. Conclusion UTPL was different from CAA or hyaline arteriolosclerosis in pathologic feature. Related Articles | Metrics

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Develop a Statistics Analysis Software in Population Genetics Using VBA Language CAI YING;ZHOU NI;XU YE-LI;XIANG DA-PENG;SU JIANG-HUI;ZHANG LIN-TIAN (.GUANGDONG HENGZHENG FORENSIC IDENTIFYING CENTER;SHANTOU 0;CHINA;. SHANTOU CENTRAL HOSPITAL;SHANTOU 0;CHINA) 2006, 0(6): 417-420.  Abstract ( 2140 )   Objective To develop a statistics analysis software that can be used in STR population genetics for the purpose of promoting and fastening the basic research of STR population genetics. Methods Selecting the Microsoft VBA for Excel, which is simple and easy to use, as the program language and using its macro function to develop a statistics analysis software used in STR population genetics. Results The software "Easy STR Genetics" based on VBA language, by which the population genetic analysis of STR data can be made, were developed. Conclusion The developed software "Easy STR Genetics" based on VBA language, can be spread in the domain of STR population genetics research domestically and internationally, due to its feature of full function, good compatibility for different formats of input data, distinct and easy to understand outputs for statistics and calculation results. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of Uncertainty in Determination of Heroin by GC ZHUO XIAN-YI;MA DONG;BU JUN;SHEN BAO-HUA (INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCES;MINISTRY OF JUSTICE;P.R.CHINA;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA) 2006, 0(6): 421-423+.  Abstract ( 2103 )   Objective To estimate the inevitable uncertainty of determining heroin by GC. Methods The source of the uncertainty was confirmed from the determining procedure. Each component′s uncertainty was calculated. The combined uncertainty was then obtained by synthesizing the uncertainties of various components variables, and the expand uncertainty was finally obtained. Results The uncertainty of repeated measurement was greater than other uncertainty components introduced by balance,content vessels and instruments in determining heroin. Conclusion The errors of repeated measurement and GC instrumental were confirmed as the major sources of uncertainty in determining heroin by GC. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Color Test for Rapid Screening of Gamma-hydroxybutyric Acid (GHB) and Gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) in Drink and Urine ZHANG SHAO-YU;HUANG ZENG-PING (.FUJIAN PUBLIC SECURITY COLLEGE;FUZHOU 000;CHINA;.CENTER OF FORENSIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF FUJIAN PUBLIC SECURITY BUREAU;FUZHOU 000;CHINA) 2006, 0(6): 424-427+.  Abstract ( 2518 )   Objective A rapid color test for screening gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and its precursor gamma-butyrolactone(GBL) was investigated in drink and urine samples. Methods In an acidic solution, GHB was converted to GBL, which reacted with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in presence of sodium hydroxide, forming hydroxamate. A purple complex was formed when hydroxamate reacted with ferric chloride in acidic condition. Results Detection limit concentrations of GHB in drinks were between 0.5-2 mg/mL, less than the popular abuse concentrations of GHB. This method was usable for urine, with detection limit concentration 0.5mg/mL. Interferences of common organic solvents and narcotics and depressants were surveyed. Conclusion This method is simple, safe, and rapid; it facilitates rapid screening of GHB and GBL in clinic and forensic laboratories. Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of Tramadol Hydrochloride in Serum Samples by Disk Solid Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry in Selected Ion Monitoring ZHU BIN-LING;ZHANG LAN;ZHANG SHAO-YU (.SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING;FUZHOU UNIVERSITY;FUZHOU 000;CHINA;.FUJIAN PUBLIC SECURITY COLLEGE;FUZHOU 000;CHINA) 2006, 0(6): 428-430.  Abstract ( 2038 )   Objective Disk solid phase extraction(SPE)was assessed for tramadol hydrochloride from serum. Methods The SPE was performed with SPEC C18 AR/MP3 Disk SPE cartridge, offering hydrophobic C18 and strong cation ionic exchange interactions for the analytes, before being added into extraction column, 1mL serum was diluted by 2 mL 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer solution (pH 6) and the eluent was ethyl acetate containing 2% ammonia. Then SKF525 was added as internal standard into samples, which would be extracted simultaneously with analyte,quantitatively, determined by GC/MS/SIM. Results The extraction recovery of tramadol hydrochloride was 98.9%, 92.5% and 84.8% for serum samples with corresponding amounts of standard addition of 0.1 μg/mL, 0.2 μg/mL and 0.5 μg/mL. And RSD measured 5 times was 3.2%, 8.7% and 10.9% respectively. The linear range varied from 0.1 μg/mL to 4 μg/mL. The multinomial regression correlation coefficient (r2) equaled 0.9939, and the detection limit was 21 ng/mL. After the same extraction column was continuously used for 5 times, there was no jam, pollution and decline of recovery and RSD. Conclusion This method is suitable for forensic toxicological analysis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Causes of Sudden Death During the Process of Venous Infusion:An Analysis of 12 Cases XU YING-HAN;ZHOU REN;(.CENTER OF FORENSIC SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SERVICES;.INSTITUTE OF PATHOLOGY AND FORENSIC MEDICINE;ZHEJING UNIVERSITY;HANGZHOU 000;CHINA) 2006, 0(6): 433-435+.  Abstract ( 1685 )   Twelve cases died during the process of venous infusion were collected from 208 autopsy cases during the period of 2002-2004 in our center. The rate was 5.8% (12/208). In these 12 cases, 8 occurred in countryside clinic with poor medical condition. Negligence to take care of the indications and contraindications of venous infusion was the main cause of these accidents. Autopsy data showed that the cause of sudden death of 9 cases were related to the venous infusion directly or indirectly. The other 3 cases were died from original diseases of these patients and the time of these deaths was time of coincidence occasionally with the time of venous infusion. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative Study of Two Methods of DNA Extraction from Different Colour Costal Cartilage in STR Genotyping XU QING-WEN;WU DAN;HU WEI (SHANGHAI INSTITUTE OF CRIMINAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY;SHANGHAI 000;CHINA) 2006, 0(6): 436-437.  Abstract ( 1996 )   Objective To compare the effectiveness of two methods of DNA extraction from different colour costal cartilages in STR genotyping. Methods DNA fragments were extracted from costal cartilages of different colour of 30 corrupt corpses using Chelex-100 and Phenol-Chloroform methods. STR loci were analyzed by ABI 3100 genetic analyzer after PCR amplification by using Profiler Plus kit. Results STR loci were completely detected in all 30 samlpes of costal cartilages when using Phenol-Chloroform DNA extraction methods. While using Chelex-100 methods, all STR loci were identified in 22 cases (11 white, 8 light-yellow and 3 yellow cases). Partial STR loci were detected in 7 cases (3 yellow and 4 yellow-brown cases) and none in 1 brown-black cases. Conclusion Suitable DNA extracion methods will be chosen depends on the colour of costal cartilage. Phenol-Chloroform methods is more effective in STR genotyping especially in dark colour costal cartilage cases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Determining Postmortem Interval by Accumulated Temperature Method CHEN LU-SHI (GUIZHOU POLICE VOCATION COLLEGE;GUIYANG 000;CHINA) 2006, 0(6): 438-438+458.  Abstract ( 1883 )   The experience of bug′s growing and accumulated temperatures were important ways for determination of postmortem interval in forensic science. Here we used reverse accumulated temperature methods to estimate postmortem interval and made accordant result with their true time. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relation of Conversion between Acreage and Length of Wound or Scar XU GUANG-TAO;YU XIAO-JUN (DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;MEDICAL COLLEGE;SHANTOU UNIVERSITY;SHANTOU 0;CHINA) 2006, 0(6): 439-440.  Abstract ( 1931 )   We discovered that the surface area and the length of body wounds or scar can not be calculated each other in the existing standards. It may be unfair to some assessments of body surface impairment. It is necessary to raise a means to solve this problem and provide the reference for the colleague. Related Articles | Metrics

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Present Study on the Forensic Medicine Diagnosis of the Sudden Erethistic Death GAO CAI-RONG;XUE SHAO-HUA;WANG YING-YUAN (SCHOOL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;SHANXI MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;TAIYUAN 0000;CHINA) 2006, 0(6): 445-447.  Abstract ( 1983 )   The death caused of anaphylactic shock is common in clinical medicine and medicolegal expertise, but it is a nodus to diagnose sudden death from allergy. In recent years, to provide objective and precise morphological evidence and index of diagnosis for sudden death from allergy, scholars of internal and overseas studied the content of IgE, HT, mast cell tryptase and SP in the serum of the death died of anaphylactic shock, and their immune express in lung and stomach intestine. In this text we reviewed the present study and existing problems of the forensic medicine diagnosis of the sudden erethistic death. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances of Forensic Entomology in China LAN LING-MEI;LIAO ZHI-GANG;CHEN YAO-QING;YAO YUE;LI JIAN-BO;LI MAO-YANG;CAI JI-FENG (.SCHOOL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES;CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY;CHANGSHA 00;CHINA;. WEST CHINA SCHOOL OF PRECLINICAL AND FORENSIC MEDICINE;SICHUAN UNIVE 2006, 0(6): 448-450.  Abstract ( 1926 )   Forensic entomology is a branch of forensic medicine, which applies studies of insects and arthropods to getting evidence for court and has an analogous advantage in the estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI) and other questions of forensic relevance. The paper expounds its definition and contents and reviews some progress of the studies in some aspects in China such as the constitution and succession of insect community on the different cadavers, the applications of morphological features of insects and the technology of analysis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in forensic entomology, and forensic entomological toxicology etc. Related Articles | Metrics

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Recent Progress in Research on Positional Asphyxia of Restraint ZHANG YI-JUN;JING HUA-LAN;JIANG FU-XUE (DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC PATHOLOGY;SCHOOL OF PRECLINICAL MEDICINE;SUN YAT-SEN UNIVERSITY;GUANGZHOU 000;CHINA) 2006, 0(6): 451-454.  Abstract ( 1954 )   Positional asphyxia of restraint means that when an individual was limited in an abnormal body position, asphyxia would take place owing to the disorder of spontaneous respiratory function, and finally it lead to die. So, it belongs to a special type of the mechanical asphyxia. From the cases reported, we could found that it would take place in several conditions. Because the cases were not caused enough recognition, the study has been researched carefully only in recent years. Following the more cases reported, many experts of forensic medicine had investigated it on the mechanism of death and the standard of identification, but they could not reach to agreements. So, they have changed the directions of the researches, began to value the factors of risk and research how to avoid it. In the following text, the mechanism of death, factors of risk, preventive methods, standard of identification and prospecting of positional asphyxia of restraint were reviewed. Related Articles | Metrics

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DNA Extraction from Formalin Fixed and Paraffin Embedded Tissues TAN ZHUO-YI;DING MEI (SCHOOL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE;CHINA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY;SHENYANG 000;CHINA) 2006, 0(6): 455-458.  Abstract ( 2081 )   Owing to the DNA degradation induced by formalin and the obstruction of paraffin to DNA extraction, it is difficult to recover high-quality DNA from Formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissue(FFPET).In recent years, a lot of researches indicate that the DNA extraction from FFPET can be developed by improving the pretreatment,optimizing the digestion condition of proteinase, simplizing the procedures of the DNA extraction, purifying the extracted DNA and so on, which may pave a way for popularizing FFPET in DNA analysis. Related Articles | Metrics

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SUBJECT INDEX IN ENGLISH OF VOLUME 22 (2006) (ISSUE:PAGE) (MAIN ARTICLES) 2006, 0(6): 479-480.  Abstract ( 1086 )   Related Articles | Metrics