法医学杂志

法医学杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 555-560.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2021.510601

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

弹壳接触DNA的法医学研究进展

辛阳   

  1. 中国刑事警察学院，辽宁 沈阳 110854
  • 发布日期:2021-08-25 出版日期:2021-08-28
  • 作者简介:辛阳（1974—），女，硕士，高级实验师，主要从事法医物证学鉴定及研究；E-mail：1369084158@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    痕迹检验鉴定技术公安部重点实验室（中国刑事警察学院）开放课题资助项目（HJ2021004KF）

Research Progress on Touch DNA on Cartridge Cases in Forensic Field

XIN Yang   

  1. Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110854, China
  • Online:2021-08-25 Published:2021-08-28

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摘要： 弹壳是涉枪类犯罪案件的重要物证，弹壳上接触DNA的成功分析有助于排查嫌疑人和重建枪击案犯罪现场。随着DNA提取方法的改进和扩增试剂盒灵敏度的提高，有望通过检验弹壳接触DNA获得更具价值的信息。实际案件中，弹壳接触DNA的检测常面临微量、降解、混合以及射击残留物干扰等问题，为DNA信息的检验与鉴定带来挑战。本文围绕弹壳接触DNA的影响因素，提取和扩增方法的研究进展，及其在实践中的应用等方面对弹壳接触DNA的法医学研究进行综述，以期为实际案件中弹壳接触DNA的法医学鉴定工作提供参考。

关键词: 法医遗传学, 弹壳, 接触DNA, 射击残留物, DNA提取, 综述

Abstract: Cartridge cases are crucial physical evidence in gun-related crimes. The successful identification of the touch DNA on cartridge cases can help to screen the suspects and reconstruct the gun-related crime scene. With the improvement of DNA extraction methods and the sensitivity of amplification kit, forensic examiners are expected to obtain more valuable information by testing the touch DNA on cartridge cases. In practical cases, the touch DNA detection on cartridge cases often encounters with low DNA content degradation, mixing and the gunshot residual interference, which brings more challenges to DNA examination and identification. This article reviews forensic research of touch DNA on the cartridge cases from the aspects of factors affecting touch DNA on cartridge cases, advances in the extraction and amplification methods, and the practical applications in order to provide reference for forensic identification of touch DNA on the cartridge cases in real cases.

Key words: forensic genetics, cartridge case, touch DNA, shot residue, DNA extraction, review

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