法医学杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 360-366.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.230406

所属专题: 法医临床鉴定理论与技术专题

• 专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

听力学客观检测技术在法医临床学中的应用进展

范飞1(), 武娟2, 邓振华1()   

  1. 1.四川大学华西基础医学与法医学院,四川 成都 610041
    2.西安交通大学第二附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,陕西 西安 710004
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-19 发布日期:2023-10-10 出版日期:2023-08-25
  • 通讯作者: 邓振华
  • 作者简介:邓振华,男,教授,主要从事法医学教学、科研和鉴定;E-mail:dengzhenhua@scu.edu.cn
    范飞(1991—),女,助理研究员,主要从事法医临床学与法医影像学研究;E-mail:fanfei@scu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    证据科学教育部重点实验室开放基金资助项目(2022KFKT06);四川省重点研发项目面上项目(2022YFS0530)

Application Progress of Objective Audiological Detection Techniques in Forensic Clinical Medicine

Fei FAN1(), Juan WU2, Zhen-hua DENG1()   

  1. 1.West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
    2.Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
  • Received:2023-04-19 Online:2023-10-10 Published:2023-08-25
  • Contact: Zhen-hua DENG

摘要:

听力损失的定性、定量和定位分析是法医临床学科研和鉴定的重要内容之一。纯音测听是评估听力损失的“金标准”,但受被鉴定人主观配合的影响。由于听觉通路的复杂性和听力损失的多样性,听力损失评估需联合应用多种主客观测听技术,并结合案情、临床症状及其他检查进行综合判断,以保证法医学听力障碍评定结果的科学性、准确性和可靠性。客观测听技术包括声导抗、耳声发射及各类听觉诱发电位等。具有频率特异性的听性脑干反应(auditory brainstem response,ABR)、40 Hz听觉相关电位和听性稳态反应常用于客观听阈评估。声导抗、耳声发射和ABR联合可用于听力损失定位,判断损伤位于中耳、耳蜗还是蜗后。本文综述了不同客观测听技术在听阈评估和听力损失定位中的应用价值,以期为听力损失的法医学鉴定提供参考。

关键词: 法医学, 听力学, 客观测听, 听力损失, 听觉诱发电位, 综述

Abstract:

The qualitative, quantitative, and localization analysis of hearing loss is one of the important contents of forensic clinical research and identification. Pure-tone audiometry is the “gold standard” for hearing loss assessment, but it is affected by the subjective cooperation of the assessed person. Due to the complexity of the auditory pathway and the diversity of hearing loss, the assessment of hearing loss requires the combination of various subjective and objective audiometric techniques, along with comprehensive evaluation based on the case situation, clinical symptoms, and other examinations to ensure the scientificity, accuracy and reliability of forensic hearing impairment assessment. Objective audiometry includes acoustic impedance, otoacoustic emission, and various auditory evoked potentials. The frequency-specific auditory brainstem response (ABR), 40 Hz auditory event related potential, and auditory steady-state response are commonly used for objective hearing threshold assessment. The combined application of acoustic impedance, otoacoustic emission and ABR can be used to locate hearing loss and determine whether it is located in the middle ear, cochlea, or posterior cochlea. This article reviews the application value of objective audiometry techniques in hearing threshold assessment and hearing loss localization, aiming to provide reference for forensic identification of hearing loss.

Key words: forensic medicine, audiology, objective audiometry, hearing loss, auditory evoked potential, review

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