法医学杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 625-639.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.520303

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

微生物组学的法医学应用新进展、挑战和机遇

雷梵章1(), 陈曼1, 梅书燕1, 方雅婷1,2, 朱波峰1()   

  1. 1.南方医科大学法医学院 广州市法医多组学精准鉴识重点实验室,广东 广州 510515
    2.安徽医科大学基础医学院,安徽 合肥 230031
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-18 发布日期:2022-10-25 出版日期:2022-10-28
  • 通讯作者: 朱波峰
  • 作者简介:朱波峰,男,教授,博士,主要从事法医学教学及法医物证学研究;E-mail:zhubofeng7372@126.com
    雷梵章(1997—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事法医物证学研究;E-mail:510444709@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(81930055)

New Advances, Challenges and Opportunities in Forensic Applications of Microbiomics

Fan-zhang LEI1(), Man CHEN1, Shu-yan MEI1, Ya-ting FANG1,2, Bo-feng ZHU1()   

  1. 1.School of Forensic Medicine,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification,Guangzhou 510515,China
    2.School of Basic Medical Sciences,Anhui Medical University,Hefei 230031,China
  • Received:2022-03-18 Online:2022-10-25 Published:2022-10-28
  • Contact: Bo-feng ZHU

摘要:

微生物群落演替与样本种族、性别、健康状况、生活方式、死亡时间等重要因素密切相关,具有较大的法医学潜在应用价值。本文总结了近年来微生物组学应用于法医学同一认定、地域特征鉴识、组织或体液来源鉴定以及死亡时间推断等方面的研究,并介绍了基于二代测序数据用于微生物学研究的主要机器学习算法。此外,还分析了当下法医微生物组学面临的检材提取与保存、标准化和数据库建设、伦理审查和实践适用性等问题。未来借助微生物多组学技术将有望以全面动态的角度探索微生态系统,从而推动法医微生物组学的应用发展。

关键词: 法医学, 微生物组学, 同一认定, 地域特征鉴识, 组织或体液来源鉴定, 死亡时间推断, 死因分析, 综述

Abstract:

The succession of microbiota is closely associated with several essential factors, including race, sex, health condition, lifestyle, postmortem interval, etc., and it has great potential application value in forensic medicine. This paper summarizes recent studies on the forensic applications of the microbiome, including individual identification, geographical feature identification, origin identification of the tissue or body fluid, and postmortem interval estimation, and introduces the current machine learning algorithms for microbiology research based on next-generation sequencing data. In addition, the current problems facing forensic microbiomics such as the extraction and preservation of samples, construction of standardization and database, ethical review and practical applicability are discussed. Future multi-omics studies are expected to explore micro ecosystems from a comprehensive and dynamic perspective, to promote the development of forensic microbiomics application.

Key words: forensic medicine, microbiomics, individual identification, geographical feature identification, origin identification of tissues and body fluids, postmortem interval estimation, analysis of death cause, review

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