法医学杂志

法医学杂志 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (3): 374-378.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2020.03.015

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

分子标志物microRNA在法医学中的研究进展

杨丹1，2， 李洋1， 孙启凡1， 李振洲3， 吕庆4， 武斌1， 何光龙1   

  1. 1. 公安部物证鉴定中心，北京 100038； 2. 哈尔滨医科大学法医学教研室，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150081； 3. 重庆市公安局长寿分局，重庆 401220； 4. 黑龙江省林业公安局刑事技术支队，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150070
  • 发布日期:2020-06-25 出版日期:2020-06-28
  • 通讯作者: 何光龙，男，副主任法医师，主要从事弥漫性轴索损伤、心脏性猝死、法医损伤学、命案现场分析研究；E-mail：guanglong_he@163.com
  • 作者简介:杨丹（1983—），女，讲师，主要从事心脏性猝死生物标志物的筛选；E-mail：hashiyangdan@sina.com

Research Progress on MicroRNA in Forensic Medicine as Molecular Markers

YANG Dan1,2, LI Yang1, SUN Qi-fan1, LI Zhen-zhou3, LÜ Qing4, WU Bin1, HE Guang-long1   

  1. 1. Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100038, China; 2. Department of Forensic Medicine, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; 3. Changshou Branch of Chongqing Public Security Bureau, Chongqing 401220, China; 4. Criminal Technology Branch of Heilongjiang Forestry Public Security Bureau, Harbin 150070, China
  • Online:2020-06-25 Published:2020-06-28

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摘要： 微小核糖核酸（microRNA，miRNA）是一类长度为18~24个核苷酸的内源性非编码小分子RNA，其表达具有高保守性、时序性和组织特异性。miRNA不易被RNA酶降解，对温度、酸碱度等环境因素的变化有较强的抵抗性，在腐败组织中也能检测出来。因此，miRNA在法医学体液来源鉴定、死亡原因推断等方面具有广阔的应用前景。本文就miRNA作为在体液鉴定、死亡时间推断以及死亡原因分析等法医学实践中的应用进行简要综述。

关键词: 法医遗传学, 微小核糖核酸, 分子标志物, 综述

Abstract: MicroRNA （miRNA） belongs to a class of endogenous non-coding small RNA molecules with a length of 18-24 nucleotides. The expression of miRNA is highly conservative, has time sequence and is highly tissue-specific. MiRNA could not be easily degraded by ribonuclease, and is resistant to changes in environmental factors such as temperature and pH value. Moreover, miRNA can even be detected in corrupt tissue. As a result, miRNA has broad application prospects in many fields of forensic medicine such as source identification of body fluid and estimation of cause of death. This article briefly summarizes the application of miRNA in forensic practice, such as body fluid identification, determination of postmortem interval and cause of death analysis.

Key words: forensic genetics, microRNA, biomarker, review