法医学杂志

法医学杂志 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (4): 445-452.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2020.04.003

所属专题： 环境损害司法鉴定

• 专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于青海弧菌Q67的镀锌废水土壤污染的生物毒性效应

陈速敏1， 张元勋1， 尚晶1， 徐国杰2   

  1. 1. 中国科学院大学资源与环境学院，北京 100049； 2. 沧州科技事务司法鉴定中心，河北 沧州 061000
  • 发布日期:2020-08-25 出版日期:2020-08-28
  • 通讯作者: 张元勋，男，博士，教授，主要从事环境损害鉴定、大气污染源解析研究；E-mail：yxzhang@ucas.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:陈速敏（1994—），女，硕士，主要从事环境损害鉴定研究；E-mail：chensumin16@mails.ucas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划资助项目（2016YFC0503600）

Biological Toxicity Effects of Soil Pollution Caused by Galvanized Wastewater Based on Vibrio Qinghaiensis sp.-Q67

CHEN Su-min1, ZHANG Yuan-xun1, SHANG Jing1, XU Guo-jie2   

  1. 1. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 2. Cangzhou Science and Technology Judicial Identification Center, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
  • Online:2020-08-25 Published:2020-08-28

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摘要： 目的 构建针对土壤的生物毒性快速诊断方法，以准确、快速评估污染场地的毒性，确定主导污染物。 方法 以某镀锌工厂的土壤污染案件为例，在检测分析金属浓度水平的同时，建立基于发光细菌（青海弧菌Q67）急性毒性试验的生物毒性快速检测方法，利用逐步多元回归找出主导污染物。 结果 推断污染物来自工厂生产过程中直接排放的废水和金属镀件碎屑，污染物浓度与青海弧菌Q67的急性毒性具有相关性，其中主导污染物依次为锌（Zn）、铝（Al）和铜（Cu）。 结论 基于青海弧菌Q67的发光细菌毒性检测方法可简便、快速确定污染土壤的毒性损害程度并确定主导污染物，可用于污染土壤的急性毒性评价。

关键词: 法医学, 司法鉴定, 环境微生物学, 青海弧菌Q67, 工业废弃物, 生物毒性, 土壤污染, 镀锌

Abstract: Objective To establish a rapid diagnosis method for the biological toxicity of soil, accurately and rapidly evaluate the toxicity of contaminated sites and identify the dominant pollutants. Methods Take the soil pollution of a galvanized factory as an example, while the metal concentration level was analyzed and detected, a rapid biological toxicity detection method based on the acute toxicity test of luminescent bacteria （Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67） was established, and the dominant pollutants were identified by stepwise multiple regression. Results The pollutants came from wastewater and metal plating fragments directly discharged from the manufacturing line of the factory. The concentration of those pollutants was correlated with the acute toxicity of Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67. The dominant pollutants in the study were zinc （Zn）, aluminum （Al） and copper （Cu）. Conclusion The luminescent bacteria toxicity test method based on Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 can conveniently and rapidly assess the degree of toxic damage of polluted soil and identify the dominant pollutants and can be applied to the acute toxicity evaluation of polluted soil.

Key words:  forensic medicine, judicial expertise, environmental microbiology, Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67, industrial waste, biotoxicity, soil pollution, galvanization