法医学杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 859-866.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2020.401205
收稿日期:
2020-12-14
发布日期:
2021-12-25
出版日期:
2021-12-28
通讯作者:
曹志鹏
作者简介:
曹志鹏,男,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师,主要从事法医病理学及法医病理生理学教学、科研及鉴定;E-mail:zpcao@ cmu.edu.cn基金资助:
Bao-li ZHU1,2(), Zhi-peng CAO1(
)
Received:
2020-12-14
Online:
2021-12-25
Published:
2021-12-28
Contact:
Zhi-peng CAO
摘要:
死后生物化学检验可辅助了解死者生前健康状态、推测疾病过程及死亡时间、诊断死亡原因,可为法医病理学鉴定提供客观诊断依据,近年来被逐渐应用于法医学鉴定。了解死后生物化学指标的变化特点及其在法医学鉴定中的应用具有重要意义。本文综述了死后生物化学检验的研究进展及其在法医学鉴定中的应用现状,分析死后生物化学检验在我国法医学鉴定中存在的问题,并对死后生物化学检验在法医学鉴定中的应用前景进行展望,以期为法医学工作者提供一些参考。
中图分类号:
朱宝利, 曹志鹏. 死后生物化学检验在法医学鉴定中的应用[J]. 法医学杂志, 2021, 37(6): 859-866.
Bao-li ZHU, Zhi-peng CAO. Application of Postmortem Biochemistry Analysis in Forensic Medicine[J]. Journal of Forensic Medicine, 2021, 37(6): 859-866.
生物化学指标 | 法医学正常参考值[中位数(25%~75%)] | 临床参考值 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
左心血 | 右心血 | 心包液 | 变化 | ||
全血 | |||||
红细胞/(×1012·L-1) | 3.92(2.35~5.38) | 4.27(3.09~5.12) | - | - | 3.76~5.70 |
白细胞/(×109·L-1) | 8.7(5.7~13.15) | 13.4(9.8~18.5)1) | - | - | 4.0~10.0 |
血红蛋白/(g·L-1) | 134(75~178) | 140(95~171) | - | - | 113~176 |
血细胞比容/% | 42.5(25.5~58.0) | 45.0(32.9~56.0) | - | - | 33.4~51.8 |
血清 | |||||
血清总蛋白/(g·L-1) | 78(60~94) | 82(65~100) | 45(41~46) | 67~83 | |
白蛋白/% | 56.3(49.8~61.2)2) | 54.3(45.6~59.2)2) | - | - | 60.2~71.4 |
球蛋白 | |||||
α1-球蛋白/% | 3.0(2.5~3.7) | 3.0(2.6~3.6) | - | - | 1.9~3.2 |
α2-球蛋白/% | 10.7(7.8~14.0) 1) | 11.8(9.1~15.5)1) | - | - | 5.8~9.6 |
β-球蛋白/% | 11.2(7.6~14.1) 1) | 11.5(7.7~14.9)1) | - | - | 7.0~10.5 |
γ-球蛋白/% | 15.4(12.2~19.4) | 16.4(12.6~20.5) | - | - | 10.6~20.5 |
白蛋白、球蛋白比 | 1.3(1.0~1.6) 2) | 1.2(0.8~1.5)2) | - | - | 1.5~2.5 |
总胆固醇/(mmol·L-1) | 4.47(3.10~6.21) | 4.53(3.34~5.97) | - | - | 3.88~5.66 |
胆碱酯酶/(IU·L-1) | 250(163~337) | 240(171~338) | - | - | 200~495 |
γ-谷氨酰转肽酶/(IU·L-1) | 59.0(30.0~108) | 84.0(42.0~160)1) | - | - | <70 |
直接胆红素/(μmol·L-1) | 3.42(1.71~8.55) | 3.42(1.71~8.55) | - | - | 0~5.13 |
间接胆红素/(μmol·L-1) | 5.13(1.71~8.55) | 3.42(1.71~8.55) | - | - | 1.71~13.68 |
淀粉酶/(IU·L-1) | 582(218~1 618)1) | 510(250~1 699)1) | - | - | 60~200 |
葡萄糖/(mmol·L-1) | 4.08(1.17~10.38) | 7.77(5.22~21.59)1) | 5.55(2.41~10.55) | - | 3.89~6.05 |
尿素氮/(mmol·L-1) | 5.54(4.07~7.75) | 5.71(4.32~8.14) | 5.71(4.25~7.89) | ↑ | 2.14~7.14 |
肌酐/(μmol·L-1) | 120.25(79.58~172.41)1) | 147.66(109.64~203.36)1) | 119.36(87.53~166.22) | ↑ | 41.56~91.95 |
尿酸/(μmol·L-1) | 327.17(237.94~487.78) | 452.08(297.42~856.58)1) | 309.32(231.99~392.60) | ↑ | 160.61~416.39 |
C反应蛋白/(μg·L-1) | 400(0~2 700) | 500(0~2 900) | - | - | <3 000 |
新蝶呤/(pmol·mL-1) | 34.0(19.3~60.0)1) | 70.5 (37.0~157)1) | - | - | 2~8 |
促红细胞生成素/(mU·mL-1) | 21.8(14.4~38.9) | 22.6(15.1~36.4) | - | - | 8~36 |
钙离子3)/(mmol·L-1) | 2.84(2.57~3.12)1) | 2.82(2.52~3.12)1) | 2.30(2.15~2.47) | ↓ | 2.17~2.52 |
镁离子3)/(mmol·L-1) | 2.02(1.73~2.39)1) | 2.34(2.02~2.76)1) | 1.77(1.65~2.22) | ↑ | 0.74~1.07 |
钠离子3)/(mmol·L-1) | 125(120~136)2) | 145(136~152) | 124(109~135) | ↓ | 136~147 |
氯离子3)/(mmol·L-1) | 82.9(77.5~87.0)2) | 76.0(70.0~81.5)2) | 89.0(80.0~97.5) | ↓ | 98~109 |
钾离子3)/(mmol·L-1) | - | - | 30.6(26.4~39.9) | ↑ | 3.6~5.0 |
心肌肌钙蛋白T/(ng·mL-1) | 9.4(2.0~49.4)1) | 15.0(39~69)1) | 66.8(16.5~224) | ↑ | <0.1 |
心肌肌钙蛋白I/(ng·mL-1) | 503(76.0~1 900)1) | 532(105~1 778)1) | 854(181~3 352) | ↑ | <0.1 |
肌酸激酶同工酶MB型/(ng·mL-1) | 540(165~1 110)1) | 1 070(390~2 580)1) | 1 040(340~2 420) | ↑ | <5.0 |
S-100蛋白/(ng·mL-1) | 16.5(5.4~45.7)1) | 36.6(14.2~101)1) | - | - | 0.01~0.3 |
肺表面活性蛋白A/(ng·mL-1) | 51.2(27.5~81.5)1) | 37.7(23.2~61.0) | - | - | <43.8 |
肺表面活性蛋白D/(ng·mL-1) | 67.9(39.4~115) | 48.1(27.9~74.8) | - | - | <110 |
心房钠尿肽4)/(pg·mL-1) | - | - | 10.0(10.0~22.0) | - | - |
脑利尿钠肽4)/(pg·mL-1) | - | - | 53.9(3.2~233) | - | <300 |
肾上腺/(×103,pg·mL-1) | 28.4(8.9~84.6)1) | 199(85.8~393)1) | 13.2(6.5~22.5) | - | <0.1 |
去甲肾上腺/(×103,pg·mL-1) | 59.1(33.2~100)1) | 128(80.9~197)1) | 93(58.3~138) | ↑ | 0.1~0.45 |
多巴胺/(×103,pg·mL-1) | 2.9(1.3~7.2)1) | 5.0(2.7~11.6)1) | 3.3(1.3~11.1) | - | <0.02 |
表1 法医学及临床医学中常用生物化学指标的正常参考值[3-4]
Tab. 1 The normal reference values of some commonly used biomarkers of forensic science and clinical medicine
生物化学指标 | 法医学正常参考值[中位数(25%~75%)] | 临床参考值 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
左心血 | 右心血 | 心包液 | 变化 | ||
全血 | |||||
红细胞/(×1012·L-1) | 3.92(2.35~5.38) | 4.27(3.09~5.12) | - | - | 3.76~5.70 |
白细胞/(×109·L-1) | 8.7(5.7~13.15) | 13.4(9.8~18.5)1) | - | - | 4.0~10.0 |
血红蛋白/(g·L-1) | 134(75~178) | 140(95~171) | - | - | 113~176 |
血细胞比容/% | 42.5(25.5~58.0) | 45.0(32.9~56.0) | - | - | 33.4~51.8 |
血清 | |||||
血清总蛋白/(g·L-1) | 78(60~94) | 82(65~100) | 45(41~46) | 67~83 | |
白蛋白/% | 56.3(49.8~61.2)2) | 54.3(45.6~59.2)2) | - | - | 60.2~71.4 |
球蛋白 | |||||
α1-球蛋白/% | 3.0(2.5~3.7) | 3.0(2.6~3.6) | - | - | 1.9~3.2 |
α2-球蛋白/% | 10.7(7.8~14.0) 1) | 11.8(9.1~15.5)1) | - | - | 5.8~9.6 |
β-球蛋白/% | 11.2(7.6~14.1) 1) | 11.5(7.7~14.9)1) | - | - | 7.0~10.5 |
γ-球蛋白/% | 15.4(12.2~19.4) | 16.4(12.6~20.5) | - | - | 10.6~20.5 |
白蛋白、球蛋白比 | 1.3(1.0~1.6) 2) | 1.2(0.8~1.5)2) | - | - | 1.5~2.5 |
总胆固醇/(mmol·L-1) | 4.47(3.10~6.21) | 4.53(3.34~5.97) | - | - | 3.88~5.66 |
胆碱酯酶/(IU·L-1) | 250(163~337) | 240(171~338) | - | - | 200~495 |
γ-谷氨酰转肽酶/(IU·L-1) | 59.0(30.0~108) | 84.0(42.0~160)1) | - | - | <70 |
直接胆红素/(μmol·L-1) | 3.42(1.71~8.55) | 3.42(1.71~8.55) | - | - | 0~5.13 |
间接胆红素/(μmol·L-1) | 5.13(1.71~8.55) | 3.42(1.71~8.55) | - | - | 1.71~13.68 |
淀粉酶/(IU·L-1) | 582(218~1 618)1) | 510(250~1 699)1) | - | - | 60~200 |
葡萄糖/(mmol·L-1) | 4.08(1.17~10.38) | 7.77(5.22~21.59)1) | 5.55(2.41~10.55) | - | 3.89~6.05 |
尿素氮/(mmol·L-1) | 5.54(4.07~7.75) | 5.71(4.32~8.14) | 5.71(4.25~7.89) | ↑ | 2.14~7.14 |
肌酐/(μmol·L-1) | 120.25(79.58~172.41)1) | 147.66(109.64~203.36)1) | 119.36(87.53~166.22) | ↑ | 41.56~91.95 |
尿酸/(μmol·L-1) | 327.17(237.94~487.78) | 452.08(297.42~856.58)1) | 309.32(231.99~392.60) | ↑ | 160.61~416.39 |
C反应蛋白/(μg·L-1) | 400(0~2 700) | 500(0~2 900) | - | - | <3 000 |
新蝶呤/(pmol·mL-1) | 34.0(19.3~60.0)1) | 70.5 (37.0~157)1) | - | - | 2~8 |
促红细胞生成素/(mU·mL-1) | 21.8(14.4~38.9) | 22.6(15.1~36.4) | - | - | 8~36 |
钙离子3)/(mmol·L-1) | 2.84(2.57~3.12)1) | 2.82(2.52~3.12)1) | 2.30(2.15~2.47) | ↓ | 2.17~2.52 |
镁离子3)/(mmol·L-1) | 2.02(1.73~2.39)1) | 2.34(2.02~2.76)1) | 1.77(1.65~2.22) | ↑ | 0.74~1.07 |
钠离子3)/(mmol·L-1) | 125(120~136)2) | 145(136~152) | 124(109~135) | ↓ | 136~147 |
氯离子3)/(mmol·L-1) | 82.9(77.5~87.0)2) | 76.0(70.0~81.5)2) | 89.0(80.0~97.5) | ↓ | 98~109 |
钾离子3)/(mmol·L-1) | - | - | 30.6(26.4~39.9) | ↑ | 3.6~5.0 |
心肌肌钙蛋白T/(ng·mL-1) | 9.4(2.0~49.4)1) | 15.0(39~69)1) | 66.8(16.5~224) | ↑ | <0.1 |
心肌肌钙蛋白I/(ng·mL-1) | 503(76.0~1 900)1) | 532(105~1 778)1) | 854(181~3 352) | ↑ | <0.1 |
肌酸激酶同工酶MB型/(ng·mL-1) | 540(165~1 110)1) | 1 070(390~2 580)1) | 1 040(340~2 420) | ↑ | <5.0 |
S-100蛋白/(ng·mL-1) | 16.5(5.4~45.7)1) | 36.6(14.2~101)1) | - | - | 0.01~0.3 |
肺表面活性蛋白A/(ng·mL-1) | 51.2(27.5~81.5)1) | 37.7(23.2~61.0) | - | - | <43.8 |
肺表面活性蛋白D/(ng·mL-1) | 67.9(39.4~115) | 48.1(27.9~74.8) | - | - | <110 |
心房钠尿肽4)/(pg·mL-1) | - | - | 10.0(10.0~22.0) | - | - |
脑利尿钠肽4)/(pg·mL-1) | - | - | 53.9(3.2~233) | - | <300 |
肾上腺/(×103,pg·mL-1) | 28.4(8.9~84.6)1) | 199(85.8~393)1) | 13.2(6.5~22.5) | - | <0.1 |
去甲肾上腺/(×103,pg·mL-1) | 59.1(33.2~100)1) | 128(80.9~197)1) | 93(58.3~138) | ↑ | 0.1~0.45 |
多巴胺/(×103,pg·mL-1) | 2.9(1.3~7.2)1) | 5.0(2.7~11.6)1) | 3.3(1.3~11.1) | - | <0.02 |
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