法医学杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 796-805.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2021.310206
所属专题: 合成毒品的法医毒理学研究
张武华(
), 张明龙, 景伟伟, 谢冰, 毕海涛, 于峰, 丛斌, 马春玲, 文迪(
)
收稿日期:2021-02-05
发布日期:2021-12-25
出版日期:2021-12-28
通讯作者:
文迪
作者简介:文迪,男,教授,主要从事法医毒理学研究;E-mail:wendi01125@126.com基金资助:
Wu-hua ZHANG(
), Ming-long ZHANG, Wei-wei JING, Bing XIE, Hai-tao BI, Feng YU, Bin CONG, Chun-ling MA, Di WEN(
)
Received:2021-02-05
Online:2021-12-25
Published:2021-12-28
Contact:
Di WEN
摘要: 研究八肽胆囊收缩素(cholecystokinin octapeptide,CCK-8)与胆囊收缩素2受体(cholecystokinin 2 receptor,CCK2R)结合对甲基苯丙胺(methamphetamine,METH)诱导的神经元凋亡的抑制作用,并探讨β-arrestin 2在CCK-8抑制METH诱导神经元凋亡中的信号转导机制。 培养SH-SY5Y细胞和慢病毒转染的HEK293-CCK1R和HEK293-CCK2R细胞,应用干扰小RNA(small interfering RNA,siRNA)敲减β-arrestin 2的表达。采用Annexin Ⅴ-FITC/PI染色和流式细胞术检测细胞的凋亡率,Western印迹法检测凋亡相关蛋白的表达。 1 mmol/L、2 mmol/L METH可诱导SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡,核碎裂、固缩的细胞数量显著增加,凋亡相关蛋白Bax和活化型胱天蛋白酶3(cleaved caspase-3)表达升高。0.1 mmol/L和1 mmol/L CCK-8预处理均可逆转METH诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡,并抑制METH引起的核碎裂、固缩的细胞数量增多以及凋亡相关蛋白的改变。慢病毒转染构建HEK293-CCK1R和HEK293-CCK2R细胞,发现CCK-8对METH诱导HEK293-CCK1R细胞凋亡相关蛋白的变化无明显影响,但可抑制METH诱导的HEK293-CCK2R细胞凋亡相关蛋白表达水平的升高。敲减SH-SY5Y细胞的β-arrestin 2表达后可阻断CCK-8对METH诱导细胞凋亡的抑制作用。 CCK-8可与CCK2R结合,并通过激活β-arrestin 2信号抑制METH诱导的细胞凋亡。
中图分类号:
张武华, 张明龙, 景伟伟, 谢冰, 毕海涛, 于峰, 丛斌, 马春玲, 文迪. CCK-8对甲基苯丙胺诱导细胞凋亡的抑制作用[J]. 法医学杂志, 2021, 37(6): 796-805.
Wu-hua ZHANG, Ming-long ZHANG, Wei-wei JING, Bing XIE, Hai-tao BI, Feng YU, Bin CONG, Chun-ling MA, Di WEN. Inhibitory Effect of CCK-8 on Methamphetamine-Induced Apoptosis[J]. Journal of Forensic Medicine, 2021, 37(6): 796-805.
图1 Annexin Ⅴ-FITC/PI染色和流式细胞术检测SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡情况A:对照组;B:1 mmol/L METH组;C:2 mmol/L METH组。
Fig. 1 Apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells detected by Annexin Ⅴ-FITC/PI staining and flow cytometry
| 组别 | 细胞凋亡率 |
|---|---|
| 对照 | 8.48±0.46 |
| 1 mmol/L METH | 15.05±0.921) |
| 2 mmol/L METH | 17.06±1.731) |
表1 流式细胞术检测不同浓度METH对SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡率的影响 (n=3,xˉ±s,%)
Tab. 1 The apoptosis rate of SH-SY5Y cellstreated with different concentrations ofMETH detected by flow cytometry
| 组别 | 细胞凋亡率 |
|---|---|
| 对照 | 8.48±0.46 |
| 1 mmol/L METH | 15.05±0.921) |
| 2 mmol/L METH | 17.06±1.731) |
图2 Hoechst 33258染色检测凋亡细胞核的形态学改变A:对照组;B:1 mmol/L METH组;C:2 mmol/L METH组。红色箭头所示为碎裂、固缩的细胞核。Bar=25 μm。
Fig. 2 Morphological changes of apoptotic nucleidetected by Hoechst 33258 staining
| 组别 | Bax | Bcl-2 | cleaved caspase-3 | Bax/Bcl-2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 h | 1.00±0.00 | 1.00±0.00 | 1.00±0.00 | 1.00±0.00 |
| 6 h | 1.26±0.14 | 1.08±0.16 | 1.10±0.05 | 1.26±0.31 |
| 12 h | 1.38±0.091) | 0.99±0.14 | 1.41±0.081) | 1.47±0.27 |
| 18 h | 1.56±0.051) | 0.79±0.09 | 1.46±0.061) | 2.04±0.261) |
| 24 h | 1.54±0.161) | 0.75±0.03 | 1.26±0.011) | 2.04±0.171) |
表2 METH诱导SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡相关蛋白的表达变化 (n=3,xˉ±s)
Tab. 2 Expression of apoptosis-related proteinsinduced by METH in SH-SY5Y cells
| 组别 | Bax | Bcl-2 | cleaved caspase-3 | Bax/Bcl-2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 h | 1.00±0.00 | 1.00±0.00 | 1.00±0.00 | 1.00±0.00 |
| 6 h | 1.26±0.14 | 1.08±0.16 | 1.10±0.05 | 1.26±0.31 |
| 12 h | 1.38±0.091) | 0.99±0.14 | 1.41±0.081) | 1.47±0.27 |
| 18 h | 1.56±0.051) | 0.79±0.09 | 1.46±0.061) | 2.04±0.261) |
| 24 h | 1.54±0.161) | 0.75±0.03 | 1.26±0.011) | 2.04±0.171) |
图4 Annexin Ⅴ-FITC/PI染色和流式细胞术检测SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡情况A:对照组;B:METH组;C:0.01 μmol/L CCK-8+METH组;D:0.1 μmol/L CCK-8+METH组;E:1 μmol/L CCK-8+METH组;F:0.01 μmol/L CCK-8组;G:0.1 μmol/L CCK-8组;H:1 μmol/L CCK-8组。
Fig. 4 Apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells detected by Annexin Ⅴ-FITC/PI staining and flow cytometry
| 组别 | 细胞凋亡率 |
|---|---|
| 对照 | 8.13±0.70 |
| METH | 14.18±0.40 |
| 0.01 μmol/L CCK-8+METH | 12.20±1.24 |
| 0.1 μmol/L CCK-8+METH | 10.56±0.151) |
| 1 μmol/L CCK-8+METH | 10.77±0.291) |
| 0.01 μmol/L CCK-8 | 5.76±0.73 |
| 0.1 μmol/L CCK-8 | 5.53±0.89 |
| 1 μmol/L CCK-8 | 5.95±0.84 |
表3 流式细胞术检测不同浓度CCK-8对METH诱导SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡的影响 (n=3,xˉ±s,%)
Tab. 3 Effects of CCK-8 on the apoptosis rateinduced by METH in SH-SY5Y cellsdetected by flow cytometry
| 组别 | 细胞凋亡率 |
|---|---|
| 对照 | 8.13±0.70 |
| METH | 14.18±0.40 |
| 0.01 μmol/L CCK-8+METH | 12.20±1.24 |
| 0.1 μmol/L CCK-8+METH | 10.56±0.151) |
| 1 μmol/L CCK-8+METH | 10.77±0.291) |
| 0.01 μmol/L CCK-8 | 5.76±0.73 |
| 0.1 μmol/L CCK-8 | 5.53±0.89 |
| 1 μmol/L CCK-8 | 5.95±0.84 |
图5 Hoechst 33258染色检测凋亡细胞核的形态学变化A:对照组;B:METH组;C:1 μmol/L CCK-8+METH组;D:1 μmol/L CCK-8组。红色箭头所示为碎裂、固缩的细胞核。Bar=25 μm。
Fig. 5 Morphological changes of apoptotic nucleidetected by Hoechst 33258 staining
| 组别 | Bax | Bcl-2 | cleaved caspase-3 | Bax/Bcl-2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 | 1.00±0.00 | 1.00±0.00 | 1.00±0.00 | 1.00±0.00 |
| METH | 1.65±0.15 | 0.90±0.04 | 1.66±0.09 | 1.83±0.10 |
| 0.01 μmol/L CCK-8+METH | 1.46±0.08 | 1.16±0.13 | 1.33±0.101) | 1.31±0.221) |
| 0.1 μmol/L CCK-8+METH | 1.33±0.111) | 1.16±0.12 | 1.23±0.021) | 1.18±0.191) |
| 1 μmol/L CCK-8+METH | 1.10±0.081) | 1.29±0.131) | 1.07±0.041) | 0.86±0.081) |
表4 CCK-8对METH诱导SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡相关蛋白的影响 (n=3,xˉ±s)
Tab. 4 Effects of CCK-8 on the expression of apoptosis-related proteins induced by METH in SH-SY5Y cells
| 组别 | Bax | Bcl-2 | cleaved caspase-3 | Bax/Bcl-2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 | 1.00±0.00 | 1.00±0.00 | 1.00±0.00 | 1.00±0.00 |
| METH | 1.65±0.15 | 0.90±0.04 | 1.66±0.09 | 1.83±0.10 |
| 0.01 μmol/L CCK-8+METH | 1.46±0.08 | 1.16±0.13 | 1.33±0.101) | 1.31±0.221) |
| 0.1 μmol/L CCK-8+METH | 1.33±0.111) | 1.16±0.12 | 1.23±0.021) | 1.18±0.191) |
| 1 μmol/L CCK-8+METH | 1.10±0.081) | 1.29±0.131) | 1.07±0.041) | 0.86±0.081) |
图6 Western印迹法检测CCK-8对METH诱导SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡相关蛋白的影响1:对照组;2:METH组;3:0.01 μmol/L CCK-8+METH组;4:0.1 μmol/L CCK-8+METH组;5:1 μmol/L CCK-8+METH组。
Fig. 6 Effects of CCK-8 on the expression of apoptosis-related proteins induced by METH in SH-SY5Y cellsdetected by Western blotting
图7 明场和荧光下慢病毒空载体转染HEK293细胞的形态(×200)A、B为LV-CMV-mCherry-WPRE;C、D为LV-CMV-EGFP-WPRE。A、C为明场;B、D为荧光。
Fig. 7 Morphology of HEK293 cells transfected with lentivirus vectors under phase and fluorescence (×200)
图8 慢病毒转染HEK293细胞的激光共聚焦成像A、B、C为LV-CMV-mCherry-CCK1R-Flag-WPRE-pA;D、E、F为LV-CMV-EGFP-CCK2R-HA-WPRE-pA。A、D为CCK1R和CCK2R的荧光标记;B、E为DAPI;C、F为Merge。Bar=20 μm。
Fig. 8 The confocal images of lentivirus-transfected HEK293 cells
图9 Western印迹法检测CCK-8对METH诱导HEK293-CCK1R和HEK293-CCK2R细胞凋亡相关蛋白的影响A:HEK293-CCK1R;B:HEK293-CCK2R。
Fig. 9 Effects of CCK-8 on the expression of apoptosis-related proteins induced by METHin HEK293-CCK1R and HEK293-CCK2R detected by Western blotting
| 蛋白 | HEK293-CCK1R | HEK293-CCK2R | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照组 | METH | CCK-8+METH | CCK-8 | 对照组 | METH | CCK-8+METH | CCK-8 | |
| Bax | 1.00±0.00 | 1.65±0.08 | 1.59±0.07 | 0.94±0.02 | 1.00±0.00 | 1.67±0.13 | 1.18±0.041) | 1.11±0.13 |
| Bcl-2 | 1.00±0.00 | 0.88±0.07 | 0.91±0.09 | 0.97±0.09 | 1.00±0.00 | 0.83±0.05 | 1.00±0.15 | 0.96±0.08 |
| cleaved caspase-3 | 1.00±0.00 | 1.85±0.14 | 1.87±0.17 | 0.99±0.17 | 1.00±0.00 | 1.76±0.06 | 1.25±0.061) | 1.02±0.10 |
| Bax/Bcl-2 | 1.00±0.00 | 1.92±0.23 | 1.80±0.24 | 0.99±0.11 | 1.00±0.00 | 2.01±0.15 | 1.23±0.151) | 1.15±0.04 |
表5 CCK-8对METH诱导HEK293-CCK1R和HEK293-CCK2R细胞凋亡相关蛋白的影响 (n=3,xˉ±s)
Tab. 5 Effects of CCK-8 on the expression of apoptosis-related proteinsinduced by METH in HEK293-CCK1R and HEK293-CCK2R
| 蛋白 | HEK293-CCK1R | HEK293-CCK2R | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照组 | METH | CCK-8+METH | CCK-8 | 对照组 | METH | CCK-8+METH | CCK-8 | |
| Bax | 1.00±0.00 | 1.65±0.08 | 1.59±0.07 | 0.94±0.02 | 1.00±0.00 | 1.67±0.13 | 1.18±0.041) | 1.11±0.13 |
| Bcl-2 | 1.00±0.00 | 0.88±0.07 | 0.91±0.09 | 0.97±0.09 | 1.00±0.00 | 0.83±0.05 | 1.00±0.15 | 0.96±0.08 |
| cleaved caspase-3 | 1.00±0.00 | 1.85±0.14 | 1.87±0.17 | 0.99±0.17 | 1.00±0.00 | 1.76±0.06 | 1.25±0.061) | 1.02±0.10 |
| Bax/Bcl-2 | 1.00±0.00 | 1.92±0.23 | 1.80±0.24 | 0.99±0.11 | 1.00±0.00 | 2.01±0.15 | 1.23±0.151) | 1.15±0.04 |
图11 Western印迹法检测不同siRNA序列转染的SH-SY5Y细胞β-arrestin 2的表达1:对照组;2:阴性对照组;3:β-arrestin 2 siRNA-1组;4:β-arrestin 2 siRNA-2组;5:β-arrestin 2 siRNA-3组。
Fig. 11 Expression of β-arrestin 2 in SH-SY5Y cellstransfected with different siRNA sequencesdetected by Western blotting
| 组别 | 相对表达量 |
|---|---|
| 对照 | 1.00±0.00 |
| 阴性对照 | 1.09±0.06 |
| β-arrestin 2 siRNA-1 | 0.96±0.06 |
| β-arrestin 2 siRNA-2 | 0.61±0.041) |
| β-arrestin 2 siRNA-3 | 0.28±0.041)2) |
表6 siRNA干扰对SH-SY5Y细胞β-arrestin 2表达的影响 (n=3,xˉ±s)
Tab. 6 Effects of siRNA on the expressionof β-arrestin 2 in SH-SY5Y cells
| 组别 | 相对表达量 |
|---|---|
| 对照 | 1.00±0.00 |
| 阴性对照 | 1.09±0.06 |
| β-arrestin 2 siRNA-1 | 0.96±0.06 |
| β-arrestin 2 siRNA-2 | 0.61±0.041) |
| β-arrestin 2 siRNA-3 | 0.28±0.041)2) |
图12 Western印迹法检测CCK-8对METH诱导β-arrestin 2敲减SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡相关蛋白的影响
Fig. 12 Effects of CCK-8 on the expression ofapoptosis-related proteins induced by METHin β-arrestin 2 knockdown SH-SY5Ydetected by Western blotting
| 组别 | Bax | Bcl-2 | cleaved caspase-3 | Bax/Bcl-2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 | 1.00±0.00 | 1.00±0.00 | 1.00±0.00 | 1.00±0.00 |
| METH | 1.81±0.041) | 0.92±0.04 | 1.80±0.071) | 1.98±0.131) |
| CCK-8+METH | 1.79±0.091) | 0.89±0.04 | 1.70±0.081) | 2.02±0.021) |
| CCK-8 | 1.07±0.02 | 1.07±0.11 | 0.91±0.05 | 1.02±0.09 |
表7 CCK-8对METH诱导β-arrestin 2敲减SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡相关蛋白的影响 (n=3,xˉ±s)
Tab. 7 Effects of CCK-8 on the expression of apoptosis-related proteinsinduced by METH in β-arrestin 2 knockdown SH-SY5Y
| 组别 | Bax | Bcl-2 | cleaved caspase-3 | Bax/Bcl-2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 | 1.00±0.00 | 1.00±0.00 | 1.00±0.00 | 1.00±0.00 |
| METH | 1.81±0.041) | 0.92±0.04 | 1.80±0.071) | 1.98±0.131) |
| CCK-8+METH | 1.79±0.091) | 0.89±0.04 | 1.70±0.081) | 2.02±0.021) |
| CCK-8 | 1.07±0.02 | 1.07±0.11 | 0.91±0.05 | 1.02±0.09 |
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