法医学杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 788-795.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2021.310403

所属专题: 合成毒品的法医毒理学研究

• 合成毒品的法医毒理学研究专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

医疗用药品的滥用问题与防治

孟适秋(), 时杰()   

  1. 北京大学中国药物依赖性研究所,北京 100191
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-09 发布日期:2021-12-25 出版日期:2021-12-28
  • 通讯作者: 时杰
  • 作者简介:时杰,女,医学博士,研究员,主要从事药物成瘾及相关疾病的神经机制和干预策略研究;E-mail:shijie@bjmu.edu.cn
    孟适秋(1989—),女,博士,助理研究员,主要从事药物成瘾的发病机制研究;E-mail:mengshiqiu@bjmu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    科技部资助项目(2021ZD0201900);国家自然科学基金资助项目(81901352)

Abuse of Pharmaceutical Drugs and Its Prevention

Shi-qiu MENG(), Jie SHI()   

  1. National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191
  • Received:2021-04-09 Online:2021-12-25 Published:2021-12-28
  • Contact: Jie SHI

摘要:

医疗用药品的滥用是全球重大的公共卫生和社会问题。滥用较多的药物主要包括吗啡、曲马多、美沙酮、芬太尼等阿片类药物,苯二氮?类和非苯二氮?类镇静催眠药,以及利他林(哌甲酯)、阿德拉(苯丙胺盐混合物)、莫达非尼等中枢兴奋剂等。医疗用药品滥用对身体多系统造成直接损害的同时,显著增加了精神疾病和躯体疾病的患病风险,给个人、家庭、社会造成沉重的负担。因此,医疗用药品滥用的防治至关重要。我国已针对具有滥用风险的医疗用药品采取了严格的管控措施,但面对层出不穷的新型药物和不断变化的滥用趋势,需进一步加强管控和防治,实时监测医疗用药品滥用趋势,并建立快速响应机制,同时普及医疗用药品滥用的相关知识,开发特异性的治疗药物和干预手段,以加强医疗用药品滥用的防治。

关键词: 法医毒理学, 药物滥用, 医疗用药品, 阿片类药物, 镇静催眠药, 中枢兴奋剂, 综述

Abstract:

Abuse of pharmaceutical drugs is a major public health and social problem worldwide. Mostly abused drugs mainly include opioids such as morphine, tramadol, methadone and fentanyl, sedative-hypnotics such as benzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepines, and central stimulants such as Ritalin (methylphenidate), Adderall (amphetamine and dextroamphetamine) and modafinil. Abuse of pharmaceutical drugs not only causes direct damage to multiple systems of the body, but also significantly increases risks of mental and physical diseases, imposing a heavy burden on individuals, families and society. Therefore, the prevention and control of pharmaceutical drug abuse are of vital importance. The Chinese government has taken strict administration measures for pharmaceutical drugs with abuse risk. However, confronting endless new drugs and changing abuse trends, it is necessary to further strengthen management and prevention of pharmaceutical drugs, monitor the trend of abuse, establish rapid response mechanisms, popularize relevant knowledge, and develop specific therapeutic drugs and intervention means, in order to promote prevention and treatment of pharmaceutical drug abuse.

Key words: forensic toxicology, drug abuse, pharmaceutical drugs, opioids, sedative-hypnotics, central stimulants, review

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