Journal of Forensic Medicine ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 574-584.DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.340310
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Qiong-ying ZHENG1,2(
), Xue-yi FENG3(
), Hong-xiao DENG1, Jia-xin YU1,2, Wen-jia DUAN1, Zheng QIAO1, Xin WANG1, Wei LIU1, Ke-ming YUN2, Hang CHEN1, Ping XIANG1(
)
Received:2024-03-25
Online:2026-02-27
Published:2025-12-25
Contact:
Ping XIANG
CLC Number:
Qiong-ying ZHENG, Xue-yi FENG, Hong-xiao DENG, Jia-xin YU, Wen-jia DUAN, Zheng QIAO, Xin WANG, Wei LIU, Ke-ming YUN, Hang CHEN, Ping XIANG. Sources of Uncertainty and Influencing Factors in the Analysis of Volatile Components in Blood Using Headspace Gas Chromatography[J]. Journal of Forensic Medicine, 2025, 41(6): 574-584.
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URL: http://www.fyxzz.cn/EN/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2024.340310
| 成分 | 硬件条件1 | 硬件条件2 | 不同硬件条件间相对标准不确度差值的绝对值 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 平均值1) | 标准不确定度1) | 相对标准不确定度 | 平均值1) | 标准不确定度1) | 相对标准不确定度 | ||
| 甲醇 | 0.788 | 3.73×10-3 | 4.73×10-3 | 0.796 | 3.72×10-3 | 4.68×10-3 | 5.00×10-5 |
| 乙醇 | 0.772 | 2.77×10-3 | 3.59×10-3 | 0.793 | 3.99×10-3 | 5.03×10-3 | 1.44×10-3 |
| 异丙醇 | 0.768 | 2.15×10-3 | 2.81×10-3 | 0.795 | 2.33×10-3 | 2.93×10-3 | 1.20×10-4 |
| 丙酮 | 0.790 | 2.60×10-3 | 3.29×10-3 | 0.791 | 4.11×10-3 | 5.20×10-3 | 1.91×10-3 |
| 正丙醇 | 0.778 | 3.26×10-3 | 4.19×10-3 | 0.794 | 3.96×10-3 | 4.99×10-3 | 8.00×10-4 |
| 异丁醇 | 0.775 | 2.78×10-3 | 3.58×10-3 | 0.796 | 7.38×10-3 | 9.28×10-3 | 5.70×10-3 |
| 正丁醇 | 0.783 | 3.37×10-3 | 4.30×10-3 | 0.790 | 5.58×10-3 | 7.06×10-3 | 2.76×10-3 |
| 苯 | 5.005 | 2.45×10-2 | 4.89×10-3 | 4.927 | 2.40×10-3 | 4.87×10-3 | 2.00×10-5 |
| 甲苯 | 4.889 | 1.41×10-2 | 2.88×10-3 | 4.903 | 2.17×10-2 | 4.42×10-3 | 1.54×10-3 |
| 对二甲苯 | 4.893 | 3.20×10-2 | 6.54×10-3 | 4.862 | 3.64×10-2 | 7.50×10-3 | 9.60×10-4 |
| 间二甲苯 | 4.951 | 1.92×10-2 | 3.88×10-3 | 4.922 | 1.97×10-2 | 4.00×10-3 | 1.20×10-4 |
| 邻二甲苯 | 4.776 | 2.53×10-2 | 5.30×10-3 | 4.839 | 1.77×10-2 | 3.66×10-3 | 1.64×10-3 |
Tab. 1 The mean values of repeatability test, type A standard uncertainty andtype A relative standard uncertainty for 12 volatile components
| 成分 | 硬件条件1 | 硬件条件2 | 不同硬件条件间相对标准不确度差值的绝对值 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 平均值1) | 标准不确定度1) | 相对标准不确定度 | 平均值1) | 标准不确定度1) | 相对标准不确定度 | ||
| 甲醇 | 0.788 | 3.73×10-3 | 4.73×10-3 | 0.796 | 3.72×10-3 | 4.68×10-3 | 5.00×10-5 |
| 乙醇 | 0.772 | 2.77×10-3 | 3.59×10-3 | 0.793 | 3.99×10-3 | 5.03×10-3 | 1.44×10-3 |
| 异丙醇 | 0.768 | 2.15×10-3 | 2.81×10-3 | 0.795 | 2.33×10-3 | 2.93×10-3 | 1.20×10-4 |
| 丙酮 | 0.790 | 2.60×10-3 | 3.29×10-3 | 0.791 | 4.11×10-3 | 5.20×10-3 | 1.91×10-3 |
| 正丙醇 | 0.778 | 3.26×10-3 | 4.19×10-3 | 0.794 | 3.96×10-3 | 4.99×10-3 | 8.00×10-4 |
| 异丁醇 | 0.775 | 2.78×10-3 | 3.58×10-3 | 0.796 | 7.38×10-3 | 9.28×10-3 | 5.70×10-3 |
| 正丁醇 | 0.783 | 3.37×10-3 | 4.30×10-3 | 0.790 | 5.58×10-3 | 7.06×10-3 | 2.76×10-3 |
| 苯 | 5.005 | 2.45×10-2 | 4.89×10-3 | 4.927 | 2.40×10-3 | 4.87×10-3 | 2.00×10-5 |
| 甲苯 | 4.889 | 1.41×10-2 | 2.88×10-3 | 4.903 | 2.17×10-2 | 4.42×10-3 | 1.54×10-3 |
| 对二甲苯 | 4.893 | 3.20×10-2 | 6.54×10-3 | 4.862 | 3.64×10-2 | 7.50×10-3 | 9.60×10-4 |
| 间二甲苯 | 4.951 | 1.92×10-2 | 3.88×10-3 | 4.922 | 1.97×10-2 | 4.00×10-3 | 1.20×10-4 |
| 邻二甲苯 | 4.776 | 2.53×10-2 | 5.30×10-3 | 4.839 | 1.77×10-2 | 3.66×10-3 | 1.64×10-3 |
| 成分 | 相对标准不确定度 | 成分 | 相对标准不确定度 | 成分 | 相对标准不确定度 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 甲醇 | 2.99×10-3 | 正丙醇 | 2.50×10-3 | 甲苯 | 1.00×10-2 |
| 乙醇 | 2.49×10-3 | 异丁醇 | 2.50×10-3 | 对二甲苯 | 2.50×10-3 |
| 异丙醇 | 3.00×10-3 | 正丁醇 | 2.50×10-3 | 间二甲苯 | 2.50×10-3 |
| 丙酮 | 3.00×10-3 | 苯 | 2.50×10-3 | 邻二甲苯 | 2.50×10-3 |
Tab. 2 The relative standard uncertainties introduced by the standard solutions of 12 volatile components
| 成分 | 相对标准不确定度 | 成分 | 相对标准不确定度 | 成分 | 相对标准不确定度 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 甲醇 | 2.99×10-3 | 正丙醇 | 2.50×10-3 | 甲苯 | 1.00×10-2 |
| 乙醇 | 2.49×10-3 | 异丁醇 | 2.50×10-3 | 对二甲苯 | 2.50×10-3 |
| 异丙醇 | 3.00×10-3 | 正丁醇 | 2.50×10-3 | 间二甲苯 | 2.50×10-3 |
| 丙酮 | 3.00×10-3 | 苯 | 2.50×10-3 | 邻二甲苯 | 2.50×10-3 |
| 成分 | 相对合成标准不确定度 | 成分 | 相对合成标准不确定度 | 成分 | 相对合成标准不确定度 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 甲醇 | 5.89×10-3 | 正丙醇 | 5.65×10-3 | 甲苯 | 1.15×10-2 |
| 乙醇 | 5.65×10-3 | 异丁醇 | 5.65×10-3 | 对二甲苯 | 6.34×10-3 |
| 异丙醇 | 5.90×10-3 | 正丁醇 | 5.65×10-3 | 间二甲苯 | 7.11×10-3 |
| 丙酮 | 5.90×10-3 | 苯 | 6.34×10-3 | 邻二甲苯 | 7.10×10-3 |
Tab. 3 The relative combined standard uncertainties introduced by the preparation ofmixed standard solutions for 12 volatile components
| 成分 | 相对合成标准不确定度 | 成分 | 相对合成标准不确定度 | 成分 | 相对合成标准不确定度 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 甲醇 | 5.89×10-3 | 正丙醇 | 5.65×10-3 | 甲苯 | 1.15×10-2 |
| 乙醇 | 5.65×10-3 | 异丁醇 | 5.65×10-3 | 对二甲苯 | 6.34×10-3 |
| 异丙醇 | 5.90×10-3 | 正丁醇 | 5.65×10-3 | 间二甲苯 | 7.11×10-3 |
| 丙酮 | 5.90×10-3 | 苯 | 6.34×10-3 | 邻二甲苯 | 7.10×10-3 |
| 成分 | 硬件条件1 | 硬件条件2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 标准不确定度1) | 相对标准不确定度 | 标准不确定度1) | 相对标准不确定度 | |
| 甲醇 | 1.46×10-2 | 1.86×10-2 | 1.94×10-2 | 2.44×10-2 |
| 乙醇 | 1.65×10-2 | 2.14×10-2 | 1.82×10-2 | 2.30×10-2 |
| 异丙醇 | 1.44×10-2 | 1.88×10-2 | 1.29×10-2 | 1.63×10-2 |
| 丙酮 | 1.15×10-2 | 1.45×10-2 | 1.49×10-2 | 1.88×10-2 |
| 正丙醇 | 1.92×10-2 | 2.47×10-2 | 1.28×10-2 | 1.61×10-2 |
| 异丁醇 | 1.44×10-2 | 1.86×10-2 | 1.74×10-2 | 2.19×10-2 |
| 正丁醇 | 1.24×10-2 | 1.59×10-2 | 1.56×10-2 | 1.97×10-2 |
| 苯 | 7.71×10-2 | 1.54×10-2 | 8.33×10-2 | 1.69×10-2 |
| 甲苯 | 1.00×10-1 | 2.05×10-2 | 9.36×10-2 | 1.91×10-2 |
| 对二甲苯 | 1.19×10-1 | 2.43×10-2 | 8.61×10-2 | 1.77×10-2 |
| 间二甲苯 | 8.02×10-2 | 1.62×10-2 | 9.60×10-2 | 1.95×10-2 |
| 邻二甲苯 | 9.12×10-2 | 1.91×10-2 | 1.16×10-2 | 2.39×10-2 |
Tab. 4 The standard uncertainties and relative standard uncertainties introduced by calibration curve fitting
| 成分 | 硬件条件1 | 硬件条件2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 标准不确定度1) | 相对标准不确定度 | 标准不确定度1) | 相对标准不确定度 | |
| 甲醇 | 1.46×10-2 | 1.86×10-2 | 1.94×10-2 | 2.44×10-2 |
| 乙醇 | 1.65×10-2 | 2.14×10-2 | 1.82×10-2 | 2.30×10-2 |
| 异丙醇 | 1.44×10-2 | 1.88×10-2 | 1.29×10-2 | 1.63×10-2 |
| 丙酮 | 1.15×10-2 | 1.45×10-2 | 1.49×10-2 | 1.88×10-2 |
| 正丙醇 | 1.92×10-2 | 2.47×10-2 | 1.28×10-2 | 1.61×10-2 |
| 异丁醇 | 1.44×10-2 | 1.86×10-2 | 1.74×10-2 | 2.19×10-2 |
| 正丁醇 | 1.24×10-2 | 1.59×10-2 | 1.56×10-2 | 1.97×10-2 |
| 苯 | 7.71×10-2 | 1.54×10-2 | 8.33×10-2 | 1.69×10-2 |
| 甲苯 | 1.00×10-1 | 2.05×10-2 | 9.36×10-2 | 1.91×10-2 |
| 对二甲苯 | 1.19×10-1 | 2.43×10-2 | 8.61×10-2 | 1.77×10-2 |
| 间二甲苯 | 8.02×10-2 | 1.62×10-2 | 9.60×10-2 | 1.95×10-2 |
| 邻二甲苯 | 9.12×10-2 | 1.91×10-2 | 1.16×10-2 | 2.39×10-2 |
| 成分 | 硬件条件1 | 硬件条件2 | 不同硬件条件间相对合成标准不确度差值的绝对值 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 甲醇 | 2.12×10-2 | 2.65×10-2 | 5.30×10-3 |
| 乙醇 | 2.35×10-2 | 2.52×10-2 | 1.70×10-3 |
| 异丙醇 | 2.11×10-2 | 1.89×10-2 | 2.20×10-3 |
| 丙酮 | 1.74×10-2 | 2.15×10-2 | 4.10×10-3 |
| 正丙醇 | 2.66×10-2 | 1.91×10-2 | 7.50×10-3 |
| 异丁醇 | 2.09×10-2 | 2.54×10-2 | 4.50×10-3 |
| 正丁醇 | 1.87×10-2 | 2.28×10-2 | 4.10×10-3 |
| 苯 | 1.87×10-2 | 1.99×10-2 | 1.20×10-3 |
| 甲苯 | 2.47×10-2 | 2.38×10-2 | 0.90×10-3 |
| 对二甲苯 | 2.69×10-2 | 2.14×10-2 | 5.50×10-3 |
| 间二甲苯 | 1.94×10-2 | 3.07×10-2 | 1.13×10-2 |
| 邻二甲苯 | 2.22×10-2 | 2.61×10-2 | 3.90×10-3 |
Tab. 5 The relative combined standard uncertainties of 12 volatile components under two hardware conditions
| 成分 | 硬件条件1 | 硬件条件2 | 不同硬件条件间相对合成标准不确度差值的绝对值 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 甲醇 | 2.12×10-2 | 2.65×10-2 | 5.30×10-3 |
| 乙醇 | 2.35×10-2 | 2.52×10-2 | 1.70×10-3 |
| 异丙醇 | 2.11×10-2 | 1.89×10-2 | 2.20×10-3 |
| 丙酮 | 1.74×10-2 | 2.15×10-2 | 4.10×10-3 |
| 正丙醇 | 2.66×10-2 | 1.91×10-2 | 7.50×10-3 |
| 异丁醇 | 2.09×10-2 | 2.54×10-2 | 4.50×10-3 |
| 正丁醇 | 1.87×10-2 | 2.28×10-2 | 4.10×10-3 |
| 苯 | 1.87×10-2 | 1.99×10-2 | 1.20×10-3 |
| 甲苯 | 2.47×10-2 | 2.38×10-2 | 0.90×10-3 |
| 对二甲苯 | 2.69×10-2 | 2.14×10-2 | 5.50×10-3 |
| 间二甲苯 | 1.94×10-2 | 3.07×10-2 | 1.13×10-2 |
| 邻二甲苯 | 2.22×10-2 | 2.61×10-2 | 3.90×10-3 |
| 样品 | 硬件条件1 | 硬件条件2 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 被检出的成分 | 扩展不确定度1) | 检测结果2)/ ( | 相对相差/ % | 被检出的成分 | 扩展不确定度1) | 检测结果2)/ ( | 相对相差/ % | |
| 1 | 乙醇 | 0.06 | 1.20±0.06 | 2.60 | 乙醇 | 0.06 | 1.20±0.06 | 2.50 |
| 2 | 乙醇 | 0.04 | 0.78±0.04 | 2.00 | 乙醇 | 0.04 | 0.79±0.04 | 2.20 |
| 3 | 甲醇 | 0.04 | 0.83±0.04 | 1.10 | 甲醇 | 0.05 | 0.87±0.05 | 3.10 |
| 乙醇 | 0.02 | 0.48±0.02 | 0.40 | 乙醇 | 0.03 | 0.52±0.03 | 1.70 | |
| 丙酮 | - | - | - | 丙酮 | - | - | - | |
| 4 | 甲醇 | 0.03 | 0.78±0.03 | 0.58 | 甲醇 | 0.04 | 0.83±0.04 | 2.80 |
| 乙醇 | 0.01 | 0.20±0.01 | 0.24 | 乙醇 | 0.01 | 0.24±0.01 | 0.16 | |
| 5 | 甲醇 | 0.01 | 0.30±0.01 | 0.34 | 甲醇 | 0.02 | 0.32±0.02 | 4.50 |
| 对二甲苯 | 1.10 | 20.10±1.10 | 3.50 | 对二甲苯 | 0.81 | 18.90±0.81 | 2.40 | |
| 间二甲苯3) | 3.40 | 87.10±3.40 | 0.15 | 间二甲苯3) | 5.30 | 86.50±5.30 | 1.10 | |
| 邻二甲苯 | 1.80 | 39.80±1.80 | 3.60 | 邻二甲苯 | 2.10 | 40.00±2.10 | 0.17 | |
| 二氯甲烷 | / | / | / | 二氯甲烷 | / | / | / | |
| 乙酸乙酯 | / | / | / | 乙酸乙酯 | / | / | / | |
Tab. 6 The test results of five samples under two hardware conditions
| 样品 | 硬件条件1 | 硬件条件2 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 被检出的成分 | 扩展不确定度1) | 检测结果2)/ ( | 相对相差/ % | 被检出的成分 | 扩展不确定度1) | 检测结果2)/ ( | 相对相差/ % | |
| 1 | 乙醇 | 0.06 | 1.20±0.06 | 2.60 | 乙醇 | 0.06 | 1.20±0.06 | 2.50 |
| 2 | 乙醇 | 0.04 | 0.78±0.04 | 2.00 | 乙醇 | 0.04 | 0.79±0.04 | 2.20 |
| 3 | 甲醇 | 0.04 | 0.83±0.04 | 1.10 | 甲醇 | 0.05 | 0.87±0.05 | 3.10 |
| 乙醇 | 0.02 | 0.48±0.02 | 0.40 | 乙醇 | 0.03 | 0.52±0.03 | 1.70 | |
| 丙酮 | - | - | - | 丙酮 | - | - | - | |
| 4 | 甲醇 | 0.03 | 0.78±0.03 | 0.58 | 甲醇 | 0.04 | 0.83±0.04 | 2.80 |
| 乙醇 | 0.01 | 0.20±0.01 | 0.24 | 乙醇 | 0.01 | 0.24±0.01 | 0.16 | |
| 5 | 甲醇 | 0.01 | 0.30±0.01 | 0.34 | 甲醇 | 0.02 | 0.32±0.02 | 4.50 |
| 对二甲苯 | 1.10 | 20.10±1.10 | 3.50 | 对二甲苯 | 0.81 | 18.90±0.81 | 2.40 | |
| 间二甲苯3) | 3.40 | 87.10±3.40 | 0.15 | 间二甲苯3) | 5.30 | 86.50±5.30 | 1.10 | |
| 邻二甲苯 | 1.80 | 39.80±1.80 | 3.60 | 邻二甲苯 | 2.10 | 40.00±2.10 | 0.17 | |
| 二氯甲烷 | / | / | / | 二氯甲烷 | / | / | / | |
| 乙酸乙酯 | / | / | / | 乙酸乙酯 | / | / | / | |
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