Skin Microbiome： Expanding Dimensions and Challenges in Forensic Evidence

doi:10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2025.550403

Abstract

Abstract:

The skin microbiome, characterized by its vast abundance, high diversity, pronounced individual specificity, and dynamic traceability, serves as a significant biological marker of the host. Its composition and variation are influenced by both the host’s physiological states and external environmental factors, exhibiting a close “mirror” relationship with host phenotypes. This unique “microbial fingerprint” not only expands the sources of forensic evidence but also offers new perspectives and opportunities for the advancement of forensic research and practice. This paper reviews the physiological and structural foundations underlying skin microbial diversity and the mechanisms that shape individual specificity, analyzes its unique advantages and technical approaches in forensic applications, outlines recent research progress, explores the future potential and major challenges of using skin microbiome markers in forensic science, and proposes practical recommendations.

Key words: forensic medicine, forensic microbiology, skin microbiome, microbial fingerprint, external and internal environmental factors, review

CLC Number:

Han ZHANG, Xin HUANG, An-qi CHEN, Ji CHEN, Yan-fang LU, Jian-ye ZENG, Xiang WANG. Skin Microbiome： Expanding Dimensions and Challenges in Forensic Evidence[J]. Journal of Forensic Medicine, 2025, 41(5): 443-455.

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